Generally speaking, the PDIV of motor windings can be estimated by the electric field strength and the Paschen curve, and the intersection point in the figure is the estimated PDIV value.
Note: Paschen's law is a law that describes the relationship between the breakdown voltage of a uniform electric field gas gap, the gap distance and the gas pressure. It was derived by F. Paschen in 1889 based on the results of the gap breakdown test of parallel plate electrodes. The breakdown voltage at which an arc or discharge begins to form between two electrodes is a function of the product of the gas pressure and the electrode distance.
Of course, it can also be calculated using an empirical formula, where: V is PDIV (Vrms), t is the insulation thickness, and εr is the relative dielectric constant of the material.
Note: When an external electric field is applied to a medium, an induced charge will be generated, which will weaken the electric field. The ratio of the original external electric field (in a vacuum) to the final electric field in the medium is the relative permittivity. The relative permittivity of an ideal conductor is infinite.
Increasing the thickness of insulating materials is the most direct and effective way to improve PDIV, but this is limited by motor design. Reducing the relative dielectric constant of materials has become a new direction under the premise of ensuring reliability. For example, bubble enameled wire technology reduces the relative dielectric constant by forming a certain proportion of bubbles in the varnish. The core of this technology is to increase bubbles without reducing dielectric strength.
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