Source : https://www.cnblogs.com/sanyuanempire/p/6168534.html

Linux file systems are different from Windows file systems in many ways. You won't find any drive letters or backslashes, but you will find an unfamiliar-looking layout where files can have the same name, differing only in case.

This issue does not list all the differences in detail, but it is just for new users who have just learned Linux and do not understand some of the differences between Linux and Windows. Therefore, there may be many differences, which I will not introduce too much here.

1. Directory structure

If you start browsing the file system on your Linux computer, you won't find any Windows, Program Files, or Users folders. (Although the /home/ directory is very similar to the Users folder.)

The Linux directory structure not only uses different folder names, but also uses a completely different layout. For example,

On Windows, an application may store all of its files in C:\Program Files\Application.

On Linux, its files will be split into multiple locations - its binaries in /usr/bin, its libraries in /usr/lib, and its configuration files in /etc/.

2. Case sensitivity

On Windows, you cannot have a file named file and another file named FILE in the same folder. The Windows file system is not case-sensitive, so it treats these names as the same file.

On Linux, file systems are case-sensitive. This means you can have files named file, File and FILE in the same folder. Each file has different content - Linux treats uppercase and lowercase letters as different characters.

3. Backslash and forward slash

Windows uses backslashes , just like DOS. For example, the path to the user directory on Windows is:

!! C:\user\name

On Linux, the path to the user's home directory is:

!! /home/name

You'll also notice that URLs in web browsers (even on Windows) use forward slashes. For example, it is https://www.along.com/article, not http:\www.along.com\article.

4. No drive symbol - all in /

Windows separates partitions and devices in drive symbols. Whether you have multiple hard drives, multiple partitions on the same hard drive, or attached removable devices, each file system is available under its own drive symbol .

Linux doesn't have drive letters. Instead, it makes other file systems accessible in arbitrary directories. (Windows can do this too, but it's not the way it works out of the box.)

On Linux, everything is in / – the root directory. There are no files above the root directory, whereas on Windows there are files outside of C:. When you connect your device to your computer, it will be available under /media/. Directory contents shows the contents of the mounted partition.

If you have multiple hard drives or hard drive partitions, you can mount them anywhere you like on the file system . (Public account: Network Engineer Aaron) For example, you can put your home directory on a separate partition by mounting another partition in /home. However, you can mount the partition anywhere you like - you can even mount it to /myBackupDrive.

5. Everything is a file

Just as every mounted file system is a directory under / (the root directory), everything on Linux is a file. For example, your first hard drive is represented by /dev/sda, your CD drive is located at /dev/cdrom, and your mouse is represented by /dev/mouse.

This sentence is actually a bit too hasty - not everything is considered a file on Linux. But understanding what this sentence means will help you understand how Linux works.

6. You can delete or modify open files

On Linux and other UNIX-like operating systems, applications do not lock exclusive access to files as frequently as on Windows. For example, suppose you are watching a video file in VLC on Windows. The title sequence is playing and you've finished watching it, so you try to delete it. You will see an error message - You need to stop viewing the file in VLC before you can delete it, rename it, or do anything else with it.

On Linux, you can usually delete or modify a video file while it's playing. You won't see an error message saying the file is in use.

These differences also apply to other UNIX-like operating systems. However, there may be some differences - for example, Mac OS X is not case-sensitive. It is not case sensitive, just like Windows.

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