Application of RFID Technology in E-Government

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a contactless automatic identification technology that uses radio frequency communication. RFID tags have the characteristics of small size, large capacity, long life, and reusability. They can support fast reading and writing, non-visual identification, mobile identification, multi-target identification, positioning, and long-term tracking management. RFID technology combined with the Internet, communication and other technologies can achieve global object tracking and information sharing. RFID technology is applied to logistics, manufacturing, public information services and other industries, which can greatly improve management and operation efficiency and reduce costs.

Since the 1990s, RFID technology has developed rapidly. Developed countries and regions have applied it to many fields and actively promoted the internationalization of related technologies and application standards. In recent years, with the development of large-scale integrated circuits, network communications, information security and other technologies, RFID technology has entered the stage of commercial application. Due to its characteristics of high-speed mobile object recognition, multi-target recognition and non-contact recognition, RFID technology shows great development potential and application space, and is considered to be one of the most promising information technologies in the 21st century.

China has applied RFID technology to railway car number recognition, ID card and ticket management, animal identification, special equipment and dangerous goods management, public transportation, and production process management. In the next few years, RFID technology will continue to maintain a high-speed development momentum. New progress will be made in electronic tags, readers, system integration software, public service systems, and standardization. With the continuous advancement of key technologies, the types of RFID products will become more and more abundant, and the applications and derived value-added services will become more and more extensive.

(1) Public security

In order to improve people's quality of life and build a harmonious society, China urgently needs to strengthen management in the field of public safety by applying RFID technology. Specific directions include medicine and health, food safety, hazardous materials management, coal mine safety, etc.

At present, RFID has been applied to the collection, processing and utilization of drug information. By establishing an RFID monitoring platform for the drug production and sales supply chain, a dynamic tracking and traceable safety supervision system can be realized to ensure the authenticity of drugs, the reliability of quality and the traceability of responsibility management.

In order to ensure that the general public can eat safe meat, the National Golden Card Project Office supports the Ministry of Agriculture in Sichuan Province and other key livestock breeding areas to use RFID technology to establish a full-process quality and safety traceability system for the livestock breeding, slaughtering and food processing industry chain such as beef cattle and pigs. RFID technology and electronic identification are used to identify beef cattle/pigs and query the quality and safety of beef/pork, and to conduct real-time, dynamic and traceable information management, thus achieving the traceability of the source of agricultural and livestock products, tracking of the flow, storage of information and retrieval of products.

RFID can be applied to the production process and supply chain safety management and dynamic tracking of industrial hazardous chemicals, gas and natural gas cylinders, fireworks and firecrackers, public security firefighting equipment, etc., which can effectively prevent and reduce the risk of accidents. In 2006, more than 1 million hazardous chemical cylinders in 112 cylinder filling units in Shanghai were electronically identified.

In recent years, coal mine gas explosions have frequently caused mining accidents in my country, and the safety production situation is severe, and the life safety and family happiness of miners are directly threatened. If RFID technology is used in the field of coal mine safety production, once a mining accident occurs, the underground miners can be accurately located in time and effective rescue can be implemented.

(2) Port supervision

In the customs clearance supervision of imported and exported goods at national ports, law enforcement departments at various ports jointly apply RFID technology to achieve tracking and positioning supervision of imported and exported goods, strengthen customs clearance supervision level, and improve customs clearance efficiency.

In recent years, the continuous increase in China's import and export business volume has put increasing pressure on customs clearance at ports. How to strengthen and enhance the unified management of logistics companies, realize logistics information sharing, improve customs clearance speed, and simplify customs clearance procedures have become the key to fast customs clearance. For the monitoring of customs logistics, customs in various countries around the world are trying to use RFID to record cargo data, seal containers, and read and release them remotely.

Under the diversified bonded warehousing logistics supervision system and the "multi-point declaration, remote inspection and release" model promoted by the customs, RFID can be used as a technical means of logistics supervision and digitization of accompanying documents to establish point-to-point "short chain" applications between different ports.

By using cheap one-time electronic seals, customs can effectively supervise goods between two places in the green channel and realize barrier-free customs clearance of goods. The goods will go through customs declaration procedures at the destination customs, and the transportation and data between the two points of the route will be monitored. At the port, the automatic release system will directly release the goods (except those that need to be inspected), and manual recording, manual review, and manual inspection and release procedures will be exempted.

（3）Transportation

RFID technology can be used to identify high-speed moving objects, and can quickly and effectively locate and count transportation vehicles, making it easier to manage and control vehicles. Specific applications include public transportation tickets, non-stop toll collection, vehicle management, and management of railway locomotives, vehicles, and related facilities.

The application of RFID smart cards can automatically identify car license plates and complete electronic toll collection through electronic wallets, thus realizing non-stop toll collection, speeding up traffic flow and effectively reducing congestion.

At present, there are applications that have created a digital standard information source system for automobiles by installing RFID electronic tags working in the UHF frequency band on the windshield of automobiles. The system has more than 30 functions and can provide nearly 80 services involving automobiles and drivers, conduct transactions through recharge and storage of mobile payments, and relieve congestion by regulating and controlling traffic travel behaviors through automatic identification and related application software.

As electronic tags are combined with intelligent transportation systems, a comprehensive application model has been established, which will support the allocation of road rights for cars, the allocation of time and space resources of the road network, the allocation of driving rights for special sections, and the allocation of travel rights for different types of vehicles. For example, the Singapore government uses RFID technology to impose specific charges on vehicles entering specific areas. RFID technology is used to monitor vehicles entering special sections, and the vehicle conditions are tracked throughout the process through WiMax technology, and recorded in the background system, and a monthly fee is charged. In this way, the Singapore government can control traffic congestion in specific areas or times (peak commuting hours) and recover costs by charging fees.

(4) Large-scale event areas

The integration of RFID technology with other related technologies can build a comprehensive service system that integrates rapid identification, data collection, and information transmission. RFID technology is used for the comprehensive management of major events such as large-scale sports games and exhibitions, including ticket management, vehicle management, and facility management.

RFID technology has been widely used in the fields of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games tickets, identity recognition and personnel safety tracking, food safety monitoring, and asset management.

Electronic tickets are a new type of ticket that embeds RFID chips into paper tickets and other media for quick ticket inspection/verification and real-time location tracking of ticket holders. The Olympic Games is currently the world's largest comprehensive sports event, and the venues hosting this event will inevitably accommodate a large number of spectators. Electronic tickets can effectively verify whether the tickets held by these spectators are valid, track and query whether these spectators have entered the designated area, and warn and guide spectators to leave quickly when they mistakenly enter or illegally enter the prohibited area.

During the Olympic Games, a large number of athletes, coaches, event management personnel, volunteers, and media reporters will enter and exit important places such as the Olympic stadiums, press centers, and the Olympic Village every day. Identity cards using RFID technology connected to relevant computer systems can effectively track and manage these personnel.

During the Olympic Games, the foods monitored will have an "electronic ID card" - RFID electronic tags, and an Olympic food safety database will be established. RFID electronic tags will be affixed from the food breeding and production and processing stages to achieve tracking and tracing of the entire process "from farm to table", including all information in the transportation, packaging, sub-packaging, sales and other processes, such as production bases, processing companies, distribution companies, etc. can be found in the database through electronic tags.

During the Olympic Games, a large number of valuable assets will be used by participants, such as computers, copiers, etc. By attaching RFID tags to valuable assets, the system can identify unauthorized asset migration, thereby ensuring the safety of these assets.