A rectangular wave generator can be made by using the 2MHz passive quartz crystal of the AVR microcontroller and the 6-phase inverter 74HC04, plus a few 1/4W color ring resistors. The following figure shows the pin distribution of 74HC04.
As shown in the figure above and below, the 14th pin of 74HC04 is the power pin, connected to the positive 5V DC power supply, and the 7th pin is connected to the negative pole of the 5V DC power supply. In this design, the first three inverters of 74HC04 are used to form a rectangular wave generator.
The figure below is the schematic diagram of the unlocker circuit.
In the figure below, the first inverter input and output of the 74HC04 labeled U1A is connected in parallel with a 1MQ 1/4W resistor and a 2M 2-pin quartz crystal. Two 22pF ceramic capacitors C1 and C2 are used to fine-tune the frequency of the quartz crystal. U1C is the output inverter. In order to ensure that the waveform is relatively complete, a 2K ohm pull-up resistor is connected to the output.
If the AVR microcontroller is locked by itself, just connect the circuit to a 5V DC power supply, and then connect the other end of the wire from J1 to the XTAL1 pin of the AVR microcontroller, and directly re-download the program through the ISP port of the AVR microcontroller, and re-write the correct fuse position to unlock the AVR microcontroller.
Depending on the different types of AVR chips allowed, the clock range can be selected from 1MHz to 16MHz.
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