Configuring a step-down switching converter IC as an inverter yields an efficient, high-power -5V supply with up to 4.5A of output current at 12V input and 3.2A at 5V input (Figure 1).
Figure 1. By connecting this high-power DC/DC step-down converter as an inverter, you can get an output current of 4.5A and an output voltage of -5V at an input voltage of 12V, or an output current of 3.2A and an output voltage of -5V at an input voltage of 5V.
Figure 2 shows a common inverter using a less efficient p-channel MOSFET.
Common inverters use a p-channel MOSFET for switching (Figure 2). This circuit configuration works fine for very low output currents, but its use is limited when the output current exceeds about 2A, depending on the input and output voltage levels and the MOSFET you use. If you compare a standard buck circuit to the circuit shown in Figure 1, you will see that the "output" of the converter shown in Figure 1 is grounded, and the original ground becomes the -5V output terminal (Figure 3). Because the on-resistance of an n-channel MOSFET is lower than that of a p-channel device of the same specification, a power supply using an n-channel MOSFET can generally output a larger current with higher efficiency. However, to turn on an n-channel device, the gate voltage must be about 4V higher than the source voltage, that is, the supply voltage.
Figure 3. IC1 shown in Figure 1 is generally used as a high-power step-down converter.
High-current output and high efficiency can be achieved by reconfiguring the high-power step-down converter IC1 as an inverter, using an all-n-channel device design. The circuit efficiency is 90% when the input voltage is 12.35V, the output voltage is -5.02V, and the load current is 4.7A; when the input voltage is 4.56V, the output voltage is -5.02V, and the load current is 3.3A, the efficiency of the circuit is 84%. The requirements of -5.2V devices can be easily met by changing the resistance values of R1 and R2. (The circuit output voltage of -5.2V will reduce the maximum output current.) Both the input ripple voltage and the output ripple voltage are directly related to the ESR (equivalent series resistance) of the input and output capacitors, so these two capacitors should be carefully selected. As with all DC/DC converters, circuit layout is extremely important. You may consider using the MAX1636 evaluation kit from Maxim. This kit includes a small, optimized layout board and all the components required to operate the MAX1636. Because the board layout is similar to the layout required for the circuit in Figure 1, this kit can be used as a preliminary layout guide for this design example.
Reference address：Step-down switching converter IC for high-efficiency, high-power 5V power supply
Figure 1. By connecting this high-power DC/DC step-down converter as an inverter, you can get an output current of 4.5A and an output voltage of -5V at an input voltage of 12V, or an output current of 3.2A and an output voltage of -5V at an input voltage of 5V.
Figure 2 shows a common inverter using a less efficient p-channel MOSFET.
Common inverters use a p-channel MOSFET for switching (Figure 2). This circuit configuration works fine for very low output currents, but its use is limited when the output current exceeds about 2A, depending on the input and output voltage levels and the MOSFET you use. If you compare a standard buck circuit to the circuit shown in Figure 1, you will see that the "output" of the converter shown in Figure 1 is grounded, and the original ground becomes the -5V output terminal (Figure 3). Because the on-resistance of an n-channel MOSFET is lower than that of a p-channel device of the same specification, a power supply using an n-channel MOSFET can generally output a larger current with higher efficiency. However, to turn on an n-channel device, the gate voltage must be about 4V higher than the source voltage, that is, the supply voltage.
Figure 3. IC1 shown in Figure 1 is generally used as a high-power step-down converter.
High-current output and high efficiency can be achieved by reconfiguring the high-power step-down converter IC1 as an inverter, using an all-n-channel device design. The circuit efficiency is 90% when the input voltage is 12.35V, the output voltage is -5.02V, and the load current is 4.7A; when the input voltage is 4.56V, the output voltage is -5.02V, and the load current is 3.3A, the efficiency of the circuit is 84%. The requirements of -5.2V devices can be easily met by changing the resistance values of R1 and R2. (The circuit output voltage of -5.2V will reduce the maximum output current.) Both the input ripple voltage and the output ripple voltage are directly related to the ESR (equivalent series resistance) of the input and output capacitors, so these two capacitors should be carefully selected. As with all DC/DC converters, circuit layout is extremely important. You may consider using the MAX1636 evaluation kit from Maxim. This kit includes a small, optimized layout board and all the components required to operate the MAX1636. Because the board layout is similar to the layout required for the circuit in Figure 1, this kit can be used as a preliminary layout guide for this design example.
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