In-system programmable Flash program memory
ATmega168 has 16K bytes of in-system programmable Flash for storing program instruction code. Because all AVR instructions are 16 or 32 bits, the Flash is organized into 8K x 16. For ATmega168, the security of user programs should be considered separately based on the two areas of Flash program memory: the boot program area and the application program area. There is no boot program area and application program area in ATmega48, and SPM instructions can be executed in the entire Flash. For details, see P235 "Stored Program Memory (SPM) Control and Status Register - SPMCSR" and P243 SPMEN section description. .
Flash memory can be erased and written at least 10,000 times. The ATmega168 has a 12-bit program counter (PC), so it can address 8K of program memory. P234 "Flash Self-Programming, ATmega48" and P240 "Boot Loader Support RWW Self-Programming, ATmega168". P254 "Memory Programming" details the serial download of Flash data using the SPI pin interface.
Constants can be stored in the entire program memory address space (refer to the description of the LPM load program memory instruction). For the instruction fetch and execution timing diagram, please refer to P11 "Instruction Execution Timing".
The following are the program memory image diagrams of ATmega48, ATmega88, and ATmega168 respectively.
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