The IO port of a general chip allows a higher input current than its output current, so it is usually connected in the form of a pull-up resistor. In addition, since the forward volt-ampere characteristic curve of the LED is steep, a current limiting resistor should be connected in series when applied. The LED cannot be directly connected to the power supply to avoid burning the LED and damaging the microcontroller.
2. Calculation method of series current limiting resistor
R= (Vcc-Vz)/Iled; Vz is the voltage drop of the LED, and Iled is the working current of the LED.
3.
Different LED parameter materials have different forward voltage drops:
the forward voltage of gallium phosphide LEDs that emit red and green light is 2.3V. There is also a forward voltage of 1.5-1.7V for red-light gallium arsenide phosphide LEDs.
Generally speaking, it is judged by color:
The forward voltage drop of yellow-green (565-575nm), yellow (585-595nm), and red (600-650nm) LEDs is 1.8-2.4V, with an average of 2.0V.
The forward voltage drop of blue (465-475nm), green (500-535nm), and white LEDs is between 2.8-4.0V, and is generally 3.3V.
4. The maximum current sink of the PIC microcontroller pin is 25mA
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