From analog, 2G to 3G, the United States regains control of 4G

Modern mobile phone technology began with the analog signal AMPS developed by Bell Labs in the United States in 1983. The United States is the birthplace of mobile phone technology. Later, the pan-European digital standard GSM (2G) is currently the most widely used technology in the world, and the leading position has shifted to European companies. During the development of 3G networks, Nokia in Europe and Samsung in Asia are both strong brands, but the subsequent 4G mobile phones are dominated by chip manufacturers and platform companies, which are American manufacturers, indicating that the importance of the United States in the global communications market will be greatly increased.
(I) Early American industry dominance:
Bell Labs, the predecessor of AT&T, released the well-known cellular system in 1947. The original cellular system was an analog signal, also known as 1G or AMPS. In the analog signal era, the American telecommunications operator Motorola launched the world's first commercial mobile phone, the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X (commonly known as the Black Gold Steel). The American telecommunications operator AT&T and the American mobile phone manufacturer Motorola were the leading manufacturers of the first generation of mobile communications.
(II) The reputation of European GSM/GPRS equipment manufacturers rose:
As mobile communications continued to evolve, the digital 2G era also adopted cellular networks. GSM has the characteristics of no interference between adjacent base station spectrums, and high signal stability, which has been adopted by most countries; and GPRS has the characteristics of packet switching and good use of bandwidth, becoming a good technology for preparing to enter the 3G data transmission era. At this time, Ericsson of Sweden, Nokia of Finland, Alcatel of France, Sagem and Siemens of Germany successively became global 2G communications and equipment industry giants. Motorola, an old telecommunications company, was surrounded by powerful European rivals, and its performance in the subsequent 3G communications such as WCDMA and HSPA was not as dazzling as that of European and Asian operators.
(III) Japan built content services, upgrading from voice to Internet access:
In the process of switching from 2G to 3G, Japanese telecommunications operator NTT DoCoMo launched the i-mode service in Japan in 1999, which created an astonishing strength of 40 million users in October 2003, becoming a model for future 3G communication applications. The success of i-mode allowed telecommunications operators to no longer play the role of service providers unilaterally, but to connect customized mobile phones, network systems, and digital content into one, providing the best example for the development of modern Apple mobile phones. The Japanese telecommunications industry expanded voice services to Internet access and content services, allowing Asian telecommunications forces such as NTT and Sharp to emerge in the global market from 2001 to 2004, and indirectly encouraged the rise of Asian mobile phone companies such as Sony (which later formed a joint venture with Ericsson to establish the Sony Ericsson brand, and this year became a wholly owned Sony company), BenQ, Samsung, and other Asian mobile phone companies.
(IV) In the 4G era, American core chips and platform vendors have regained their dominance:
After the demonstration of Japanese telecommunications in i-mode, 2G voice communications have entered the 3G development. The most attractive to consumers are Internet data transmission and digital content application services. In order to connect these data services, the problem of GSM signal attenuation must be overcome first. In this way, the American company Qualcomm (Qualcomm), which mainly uses CDMA technology, and the core architecture of ARM have had a great impact on the mobile phone industry in recent years.
CDMA technology uses a random digital sequence to encode each call, expanding the signal on a wider spectrum than the cellular network GSM, thereby reducing the transmission problems caused by multipath and attenuation, making CDMA technology invincible in 3G networks, and the pan-European GSM technology gradually lost the initiative. CDMA did not gain an advantage from the beginning. The traditional narrowband CDMA has a fixed bandwidth limit, while the updated CDMA can be customized according to terminal needs. Because of the high frequency utilization, it also gives telecommunications service providers an advantage in construction costs, which accelerates the expansion of American companies' influence in the communications market.
Not only does the United States have advantages in promoting LTE and WiMAX in network technology, but it also occupies a global leading position in mobile phone operating systems (OS), program markets (apps), and high-speed mobile downloads of audio and video data.
The free software system Linux, the paid system Windows, and the Android operating system that once advocated openness are all mobile phone operating systems developed by Americans. The popular iPhone iOS in recent years is also an operating system developed by Apple, an American company. The above-mentioned systems, which have attracted the most attention in the world, were all developed by American companies or organizations, which indirectly led the development of global smartphones. As for the largest number of app download services that emerged through 3G smartphones, the App Store and Android Market are also operated by Apple and Google.
In the future, 4G network applications are expected to be dominated by mobile phone manufacturers with close ties to Qualcomm and telecommunications operators using LTE network technology. In addition to mobile phone brands such as Samsung and HTC from Asia, most of the software, operating systems, program markets and audio and video service content are controlled by American technology companies and content providers. All signs show that in the future development of 4G compatible with LTE, the United States has regained the right to serve in the direction of global communications.