Will quantum computers revolutionize all current technologies?

Source: Content from Big Data Digest ， Thanks.

As Alexey Fedorov, a researcher from the Russian Quantum Center, said: "Quantum physics is at the key to unlocking the next generation of killer technologies, which may change cybersecurity, materials science, artificial intelligence and metrology."

The International Conference on Quantum Technologies is a promotional event of the Russian Quantum Center, held every two years, during which scientists present the current progress of their work and discuss the current preferred areas of research application.

Throughout the entire week in Moscow, every speaker was a star on the ICQT stage. Here are the five coolest things we heard at the 4th International Conference on Quantum Technologies:

The quantum computer "White Whale" proposed at this quantum conference was first proposed by physicist Richard Feynman in the early 1980s. Currently, research institutions and commercial organizations around the world are working hard to study quantum computers, hoping to use this opportunity to solve various problems such as the working limits or low efficiency of traditional computers.

Professor Mikhail Lukin and his team at Harvard University are also conducting related research. They have built a quantum computer that can perform calculations using 51 qubits, which may be the most powerful quantum computer in existence. Most quantum computers today, for example, may be like the primitive airplanes in 19th century newsreels that were extremely bumpy, far from perfect. However, Serguei Beloussov, founder of the Russian Quantum Center, gave a positive evaluation of the project: "The quantum computer built by Professor Lukin's team is like 'an airplane that can take off, fly and land smoothly.'"

Elon Musk has publicly stated that he dreams about everything about the moon base and Mars, but the most basic problem he faces is how to communicate with the people living there. Depending on the relationship between the orbits of the Earth and Mars around the sun, the time for radio signals (running at the speed of light) to travel between the two spheres is between 3 minutes and 22 minutes. Without a fundamental change in the communication model, the Mars network will be terrible. But the development of quantum technology may enable instant long-distance interstellar communication without delay.

Dr. Arkady Fedorov is the head of the Superconducting Quantum Devices Laboratory at the University of Queensland, where his research focuses on using superconducting cubits as artificial atoms. Cubits are commonly used for information processing in quantum computing, but Fedorov looks at their interaction with electromagnetic waves from another angle, making them controllable within certain parameters. He says that if we want to use this for instant long-distance communication, the only thing missing is an adapter to turn microwaves into optical light.

“Such adapters are a hot topic right now,” Fedorov said. “Converting microwaves into optical light is very difficult, because successful quantum computing requires close to 100% efficiency. However, several groups have proposed solutions to this problem.”

「观察者效应」认为，在观察过程中，观察者不可避免地将改变被观察者（或被观察事物）。在奇异的量子世界里，如果我们创建了一条信息，可以采用这样的条件发送出去——要求除了你的预期收件人之外的任何人，都能读取这则信息。那麽，我们假设第三方截获了这条特殊的信息，则势必会在原始信息上留下「痕迹」，由此我们就会知道，信息已经被「动了手脚」。通过这种方式，我们的初始信息反而得到了保护！

量子加密技术就像影视作品中的「星际迷航」和詹姆斯庞德！而在现实中，也正是一个以日内瓦为基地的瑞士公司坚持了 16 年的商业追求。这家公司 20 年来，专註于开发并销售加密量子通讯硬件，他的客户群主要是各种研究机构，和国家政府。

In the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning, many meaningful applications require unprecedented computing power, and quantum computing may be able to achieve this sustainable large-scale mathematical calculation. Quantum particles do not follow any physical laws that conform to our common sense - they can appear repeatedly in different places, exist in a "superposition" state, and have multiple values ​​at the same time. Some people believe that quantum computing has the ability to operate in parallel universes, which may be able to bypass the obstacles of current traditional technology.

When talking about the obstacles to the development of quantum computing, Beloussov said that the biggest obstacle is probably the funding in the field of quantum research. After all, good scientific research is based on strong funding. I hope that conflicts in this area can be well alleviated in the future.

Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has decided to invest NT$10 billion over 10 years starting in 2018 to build quantum computers with computing speeds far exceeding supercomputers.

The United States currently invests NT$6.5 billion annually, while the United Kingdom has a five-year budget of NT$16.6 billion.

Taiwan's current approach is to list "MRAM, RRAM, quantum computing and artificial intelligence chips" as an "advanced chip system and semiconductor design" project, with an estimated annual cost of 10 billion.

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