The composition of the main circuit of the servo control system

The servo control system is a high-precision, high-response speed automation control system that is widely used in industrial automation, robotics, aerospace and other fields. The core of the servo control system is the servo drive and servo motor, which achieve precise control of mechanical equipment by precisely controlling the speed, position and torque of the motor. This article will introduce the main circuit structure of the servo control system in detail, including power supply, drive, motor, sensor and other parts.

1. power supply

The power supply of the servo control system is the basis of the entire system. It provides stable power for the system. The type and parameters of the power supply have a great influence on the stability and performance of the system. Common power supply types are:

1.1 AC power supply: AC power supply is the most common type of power supply, which converts high voltage electricity into low voltage electricity suitable for servo systems through a transformer. The advantage of AC power supply is low cost, but it needs to be rectified and filtered to obtain DC power.

1.2 DC power supply: DC power supply can directly provide stable DC power to the servo system, avoiding the rectification and filtering process. The advantage of DC power supply is good stability, but the cost is relatively high.

1.3 Battery power: Battery power is a portable power source suitable for mobile devices and remote control devices. The advantage of battery power is good portability, but the capacity is limited and needs to be charged regularly.

1.4 Regenerative power supply: The regenerative power supply can recycle the regenerative energy of the servo system and improve the energy efficiency of the system. The advantage of the regenerative power supply is energy saving, but it requires complex control strategies.

1. Drive

The servo drive is the core component of the servo control system. It is responsible for receiving control signals and controlling the speed, position and torque of the motor. The type and performance of the drive have a great influence on the stability and accuracy of the system. Common types of drives are:

2.1 Pulse driver: The pulse driver controls the speed and position of the motor by receiving pulse signals. The advantage of the pulse driver is high control accuracy, but it has high requirements on signal stability and synchronization.

2.2 Analog drive: The analog drive controls the speed and position of the motor by receiving analog signals. The advantage of the analog drive is that the control is simple, but the accuracy and stability are relatively low.

2.3 Digital driver: Digital driver controls the speed and position of the motor by receiving digital signals. The advantages of digital driver are high control accuracy and good stability, but the cost is relatively high.

2.4 Vector drive: Vector drive uses vector control technology to accurately control the torque and speed of the motor. The advantages of vector drive are high control accuracy and fast response speed, but it requires complex control algorithms.

1. Motor

The servo motor is the actuator of the servo control system. It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to achieve precise control of mechanical equipment. The type and performance of the servo motor have a great influence on the stability and accuracy of the system. Common types of servo motors are:

3.1 DC servo motor: DC servo motor is powered by a DC power supply and has the advantages of simple control and fast response, but it has low efficiency and high maintenance cost.

3.2 AC servo motor: AC servo motor is powered by AC power and has the advantages of high efficiency and low maintenance cost, but the control is relatively complex.

3.3 Stepper motor: Stepper motor is an open-loop controlled motor with the advantages of simple control and low cost, but its accuracy and stability are relatively low.

3.4 Brushless DC motor: The brushless DC motor uses an electronic commutator instead of the traditional carbon brush commutator. It has the advantages of high efficiency and long life, but the control is relatively complex.

1. sensor

The sensor is the feedback component of the servo control system. It is responsible for detecting the motor's speed, position, torque and other parameters, and feeding this information back to the control system. The type and performance of the sensor have a great impact on the stability and accuracy of the system. Common sensor types are:

4.1 Encoder: Encoder is a sensor that detects the position and speed of the motor. It converts the mechanical position into an electrical signal. The advantage of encoder is high accuracy, but the cost is relatively high.

4.2 Photoelectric sensor: Photoelectric sensor detects the position and speed of the motor by detecting the change of light signal. The advantages of photoelectric sensor are simple structure and low cost, but the accuracy and stability are relatively low.

4.3 Hall sensor: Hall sensor detects the position and speed of the motor by detecting the change of magnetic field. The advantages of Hall sensor are high accuracy and strong anti-interference ability, but the cost is relatively high.

4.4 Torque sensor: The torque sensor detects the torque of the motor by detecting the torque change of the motor shaft. The advantage of the torque sensor is that it can directly measure the torque, but the cost is high and the installation and maintenance are relatively complicated.

1. Controller

The controller is the brain of the servo control system. It is responsible for receiving feedback signals from sensors, calculating control signals based on control algorithms, and sending them to the drive. The type and performance of the controller have a great impact on the stability and accuracy of the system. Common controller types are:

5.1 PLC controller: PLC controller is a programmable logic controller with the advantages of flexible programming and good scalability, but the control accuracy and response speed are relatively low.

5.2 Single-chip microcomputer controller: A single-chip microcomputer controller is a controller that integrates a microprocessor. It has the advantages of small size and low cost, but its control accuracy and stability are relatively low.