Intelligent power generation system in the car

Principle of automobile intelligent power generation function

The battery is an important part of the car. Its function is to supply electricity to the starter, and to supply electricity to the engine ignition system and other electrical equipment when the engine is started or running at low speed. When the engine is running at high speed, the generator generates sufficient electricity, and the battery can store excess electricity. Unfortunately, it is usually ignored by most people. It is important to know how to properly maintain the battery and keep it fully charged, which is an important part of car maintenance. The following will introduce the relevant knowledge and maintenance common sense of car batteries to help you better understand the use and maintenance of batteries and extend the service life of batteries.

Working Principle of Car Batteries Most car batteries are lead-acid batteries. Simply put, it is an electrochemical device that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Lead-acid batteries are composed of positive and negative plates, separators, shells, electrolytes and terminal posts. The chemical reaction of discharge is carried out by the positive plate active material (lead dioxide PbO2) and the negative plate active material (spongy pure lead Pb) under the action of electrolyte (sulfuric acid H2SO and water H2O). A standard 12V lead-acid battery contains six cells, each power source generates about 2V of electrical energy (each power source has positive and negative poles: the positive pole is engraved with a "+" sign and is dark brown; the negative pole is engraved with a "-" sign and is light gray).

Traditional batteries will experience a decrease in electrolyte during use. This is because the grid of the plate. Traditional batteries are made of lead-antimony alloy. Antimony will contaminate the spongy pure lead on the negative plate, weakening the back electromotive force in the battery after full charge, causing excessive decomposition of water. A large amount of oxygen and hydrogen escape from the positive and negative plates respectively, reducing the electrolyte.

Maintenance-free batteries are consistent with traditional batteries in design principle, using thicker plate materials. The important difference is that the plate grid is made of lead-calcium alloy. During the electrolysis reaction, the overcharge current can be reduced, the liquid vaporization rate can be reduced, thereby reducing the loss of electrolyte and relatively extending the battery life.

Automobile generator intelligent charging system

Chapter 1 Power generation and use principles, components, mechanical principles, etc. of range extenders

1. Components: The range extender system is a small generator set consisting of an engine, a generator inverter and a controller system.

2. Principle of use: During the driving of electric vehicles, the generator can be automatically started according to the vehicle status, working conditions and battery power, and can also be automatically started and stopped when the driver needs it. Through the range extender control system, it responds to the command of the electric vehicle controller, outputs the voltage and current required for electric drive, realizes stable control of loading and unloading, and controls the most economical working point of the engine.

3. Mechanical working principle: The fuel burns in a cylinder, pushing the working piston to reciprocate, converting the chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical energy and outputting shaft power. Since the power of a single-cylinder engine is limited, in order to prevent the range extender from having too little power, the muffler cannot be made to hold back air, so that the sound of the range extender is louder than the noise of the car.

Chapter 2 Notes on Range Extender Installation

1. Working environment: good ventilation and no less than 20 cm away from fire sources.

2. The machine must be stopped when adding fuel and lubricating oil.

3. During the refueling process, smoking is strictly prohibited and gasoline spillage is not allowed. If gasoline spills accidentally, the oil stains must be cleaned before starting the gasoline engine.

4. To avoid damage to your range extender, please do not start the machine when no lubricating oil is added or insufficient lubricating oil is added.

5. The installation dimensions of the shock-absorbing pads must be accurate to avoid the shock-absorbing pads from being stiff.

6. If the range extender reverses, just swap any two of the three phase wires of the motor.

Chapter 3 Advantages and disadvantages of intelligent and non-intelligent range extenders

There are two types of range extenders on the market:

The first type is fixed speed, the throttle is not adjustable, and it always works in the same state. The fuel volume of this type is relatively high and the sound is louder;

The second type is what is called intelligent frequency conversion and ultra-quiet on the market. The working state of this range extender is adjustable and can change according to the changes in the pedal speed, thereby reducing the noise and energy consumption.

Chapter 4 Instructions for using the range extender

The range extender outputs DC power to drive the electric vehicle motor without stopping during the driving process of the electric vehicle, and controls the generator voltage to be stable within the standard range, and the remaining power is used to charge the battery, so there is no need to worry about excessive voltage and current charging causing damage to the on-board battery pack. In addition, when the intelligent range extender generator is working, the supporting electronic intelligent controller automatically detects the battery voltage. When the battery voltage is lower than 60% of the nominal value, or when accelerating or climbing the slope, the electric vehicle motor consumes too much current for more than 3 minutes, the generator is automatically started to charge the battery, and the generator is automatically shut down 5 minutes after the climbing is completed.

Thanks to the intelligent control generator, the electric energy is replenished to the tram battery in the best charging state in time, which prevents the tram battery from over-discharging, heating caused by overcharging, boiling and evaporation of electrolyte, and the battery is always kept in the best use state. Therefore, the battery life is greatly extended. Generally, a new battery can be used for more than 30 months without obvious capacity decay. Even an old battery with capacity decay will not affect the normal operation of the tram.

When choosing a good range extender, you should generally pay attention to the company's size, the brand of power, the control material, and the market reputation. When choosing a range extender, you should choose one with good quality, otherwise it will affect the sales of the car.

Chapter 5 Routine Maintenance and Precautions for Range Extender

1. Difficulty in starting: First check whether there is oil in the fuel tank. Use 85-90-92 regular gasoline for the range extender. If the matching controller is a regular type, you need to manually close the choke when starting, and open the choke after the machine is running normally.

2. The engine is turned off during driving: Check the fuel tank and see if the voltage of the electric vehicle indicates that it is fully charged. Because when it is fully charged, the electronic controller of the range extender will automatically shut down the power generation function to protect it from overcharging damage.

3. The vehicle stalls when starting uphill: This happens when the output power of the selected generator set is less than the power of the tram's motor. Because the tram is going uphill, acceleration requires a large current supply. If the battery is in a state of large loss, the generator will be required to provide a current that exceeds its rated power generation. In order to protect the generator from being damaged by overload, the electronic controller device of the generator set will automatically shut down the generator. This situation is normal and does not require any processing.

4. Shortage of engine oil: The engine oil reserve in the gasoline engine case must be ensured at all times. If the engine oil is short, the gasoline engine supporting the generator will cause a cylinder seizure failure, and the failure will manifest as failure to start, manual starting is very difficult, and the crankshaft cannot rotate.

5. Generator operation: After the generator works for the first 100 hours, the engine oil should be replaced, the filter dust should be cleaned, and all exposed screws should be tightened. After working for 300 hours, the engine oil should be replaced again, the tightening screws should be checked, and the engine oil can be added in time afterwards.

6. Battery and generator circuits: The positive and negative poles of the battery and generator must not be connected in reverse at any time, otherwise it will cause a battery short circuit and burn the motor and controller.

What is the principle of automobile intelligent power generation function?

1. When the external circuit energizes the excitation winding through the brush, a magnetic field is generated, causing the claw pole to be magnetized into the N pole and the S pole. When the rotor rotates, the magnetic flux changes alternately in the stator winding. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an alternating induced electromotive force is generated in the three-phase winding of the stator. The rotor of the synchronous generator with DC excitation driven by the engine rotates at a speed n, and the three-phase stator winding induces an AC potential.

If the stator winding is connected to an electrical load, the motor will output AC power, which will be converted into DC power through the rectifier bridge inside the generator and output from the output terminal.