Analysis of E/E architecture of Wenjie M9

The Q9 is Huawei's latest and most advanced model. Its cockpit and lighting features are amazing, and it is very meaningful to study its E/E architecture. The E/E architecture of the Q9 is basically the most advanced cross-domain architecture, with Gigabit Ethernet and up to 6 domain controllers . Limited by the chip performance and network bandwidth, it is still not a central computing or Zonal architecture.

The core of Wenjie M9 is the vehicle domain controller. This domain controller is not a vehicle controller in the traditional sense. It is combined with the left or right regional controller to be close to the central domain controller under the Zonal architecture. It can be regarded as a transition from the cross-domain architecture to the Zonal architecture. The vehicle domain controller has two Gigabit Ethernet interfaces and four 100M Ethernet connections to the OBD.

From this architecture, the core of the vehicle domain controller, the Ethernet switch, is likely to be the RTL9068 from Realtek of Taiwan, China. This chip is also used in the Tesla vehicle computing unit, and Mercedes-Benz's latest cockpit platform using Qualcomm SA8295P also uses RTL9068. This is an 8-port vehicle Ethernet switch with 6 1G ports and 2 5G ports, generally configured as 6 100M ports and 2 Gigabit ports. RTL9068 contains three Gigabit Ethernet physical layers , so there is no need for a separate external Gigabit Ethernet physical layer, which is very cost-effective.

Most of the Nvidia Orin systems used in emerging car manufacturers are Marvell's 88Q2112 or 88Q2220 with Marvell's 88Q6113 or 88Q5072. The cost is much higher, but it has more interfaces, stronger performance, and of course more flexibility. Marvell's 88Q6113 supports up to 16G bps PCIe, 88Q5072 up to 8Gbps, and RTL9068 only 5Gbps. Ethernet, 88Q6113 up to 10Gbps, 88Q5072 is 5Gbps, RTL9068 is 1Gbps.

Air conditioning, defrost, right rearview mirror, right window, wiper, right front door, ambient light, right gravity sensor , and seat belt buckle, right interior light, floodlight, co-pilot M-LINK, second row M-LINK bracket insertion detection, central control knob, charging port cover, audio and video entertainment system and right regional controller control hard wire connection, mainly for power supply. Dividing domain controllers by location is mainly to reduce the difficulty of wiring harness layout, reduce wiring harness cost and vehicle assembly time.

M-LINK is Maglink, and M9 comes standard with M-LINK. The MagLink in the cockpit consists of the MagLink ecological interface on the seat side, the MagLink bracket (detachable) or universal patch, and external MagLink ecological products. Using the combination of bracket + pad shell, it can be adapted to the 12.6-inch Huawei Matepad tablet; if you have an idle PAD, you can also use the bracket + universal magnetic patch, which can be adapted to 8-inch and above PADs. As an after-market device, the Huawei tablet can be as convenient as a pre-installed device when it is brought into the car, avoiding tedious pairing, connection, authorization and other operations. Users can connect to the car with the tablet, and they can use it once connected. There will be no problem of disordered control when multiple tablets are in the car, and the connection between the after-market device and the car is interoperable.

The Hongmeng cockpit can also realize multi-screen viewing, cross-end touch control and other operations of the car screen and the Pad, and has the advantages of high frame rate images and ultra-low latency (less than 40ms). After getting the mobile phone or tablet device in the car, it can also control the air conditioning, seats and other functions like the native screen after seamless connection; it supports multi-screen viewing, automatic positioning of the device in the car, and precise control by voice.

The right area controller has five Ethernet ports, all of which are 100M level. It is speculated that its core, the Ethernet switch, is the RTL9047 from Realtek of Taiwan, China. The RTL9047 is a seven-port vehicle Ethernet switch, of which four ports have built-in 100M vehicle Ethernet physical layer, without the need for an external physical layer, saving costs and PCB board space. The Volkswagen ID series also uses RTL9047 in the cockpit domain controller.

The battery includes temperature control system, rear air conditioning, tire pressure detection, HUD power supply, sunlight and rain, steering wheel system, left rearview mirror system, turn signal hazard warning light, password box, left interior light, left seat, left front and rear side door system, left window system and left zone controller are hard-wired, with sensor signal transmission, power supply or control, and connected to LIN bus .

The core of the left area controller is an Ethernet switch, which should also be the RTL-9047 from Realtek of Taiwan, China.

The dynamic projection light of Wenjie M9 is relatively complex and can project low-resolution videos.

The right rear door system includes motor , rear door Hall signal, open, reset, anti-collision radar child lock, right rear seat system, second row M-LIN, projection light machine, projection screen, vehicle-mounted cold and warm box , charging port, AC and DC temperature, three-row seat system, left cockpit LIN, right cockpit LIN, seat LIN, PS LIN, electric back door, brake light, airbag collision signal connected to the rear area controller.

QNJ M9's Intelligent Driving System Architecture Diagram

The ADAS domain controller is Huawei's MDC610, which also has a Taiwan Realtek RTL9068 inside. There are 11 camera inputs, all of which are MIPI CSI-2, including two 8-megapixel front-view cameras, four 2-megapixel surround-view cameras, and five cameras on both sides and the rear of the smart driving system, with pixels of 2.5 million or 3 million. The LiDAR is a 192-line LiDAR designed and produced by Huawei itself. The core component may be Sony's IMX459. The full resolution of IMX459 is 189x600, 3x3binning (Binning is an image readout mode that adds the charges induced in adjacent pixels together and reads them out in a pixel mode), the final resolution is 63x200, and the active area resolution is 63x192 (the author believes that the 8 edges should be used to measure ambient light or simply as padding pixels), which happens to correspond to 192 lines, so it can be basically determined that IMX459 is used. Note that the 192 lines are horizontal resolution and the vertical resolution is 63 lines. The 16 or 32 lines of early mechanical LiDARs refer to the vertical resolution. Hesai is also very likely to use IMX459, the difference is mainly in VCSEL. This LiDAR is quite special, using LVDS differential signal transmission instead of Ethernet used by most manufacturers. The LVDS protocol is not open. In other words, this LiDAR can only be used with MDC610.

3 Millimeter wave radar There are also special features. Usually, the rear millimeter wave radar is divided into master and slave, while Huawei's rear millimeter wave radar seems to be independent, without master and slave, and may also be a millimeter wave radar made by Huawei itself. INS has an independent box and also uses an independent GNSS positioning antenna.

QJM9 cockpit domain architecture diagram

The integrated triple screen of the Wenjie M9 is reportedly supplied by Tianma and BOE, including a 12.3-inch LTPS LCD driver's instrument screen, a 15.6-inch 2K resolution LTPS LCD central control screen, and a 16-inch 3K resolution LTPS LCD passenger entertainment screen.

The automotive-grade projection screen can be electrically raised and retracted, providing a 32-inch in-car giant screen experience when unfolded. It has passed the Rhine Eye Comfort Certification and the Swiss SGS Anti-dizziness Certification, making in-car movie watching more comfortable. After the projection screen is raised and retracted, it is hidden in the B-pillar beam without affecting the interior space. The projection screen is controlled by the rear domain controller, and the projection optical machine video comes from the cockpit domain controller.

The core of Huawei XHUD is Huawei's head-up display system , which uses self-developed LCoS and three-color LED light sources at the automotive level, with a resolution of 2K, a brightness of 12,000 nits, a contrast ratio of 1,200:1, an imaging area of ​​75 inches (8.5 meters away), a field of view of 13 degrees x 5 degrees, a distortion of less than 2%, and a focal length closer to the human eye, making it more realistic.

The E/E architecture of the M9 is the most advanced at present. Tesla, Xiaopeng and BYD also use physical regionalized sub-controllers. However, there is no Ethernet network inside their left and right and middle domain controllers, so the bandwidth is low, the OTA speed is slow, and the functions are simple. In addition, the ADAS and cockpit domains are generally directly connected to the T-Box or chassis or body domain. The M9 adds a vehicle domain on top of it. This is to transition to Zonal. When the time is right in the future, both ADAS and cockpit will be directly placed in the vehicle domain controller. This is the central computing Zonal architecture.

The Wenjie M9 has up to 6 domain controllers and at least 6 Ethernet switches, while Tesla and the like generally have only 2-3. From the perspective of chips, the cost has increased, but from the perspective of wiring harnesses and assembly time, the cost has decreased. Overall, the cost is still slightly reduced.