Development of sensors and detection technology

Development of sensors and detection technology

The three pillars of modern information technology are sensor technology, communication technology and computer technology, which respectively complete the information extraction, information transmission and information processing of the measured data. At present, information transmission and processing technology has made breakthrough progress, but the development of sensors is relatively lagging behind. In today's information age, various control systems have higher and higher requirements for automation, complexity and environmental adaptability (such as high temperature, high speed, field, underground, high altitude, etc.), and the amount of information required to be obtained is also increasing. It not only puts forward high requirements on sensor measurement accuracy, response speed and reliability, but also requires long-distance transmission of signals.

• Development of new sensors This is an important way to develop high-performance, high-function, low-cost and miniaturized sensors. The production of such sensors is based on various physical and chemical effects and laws. New sensors emerge in an endless stream, such as high-sensitivity valve sensors developed using quantum mechanical effects, infrared sensors with extremely fast response speeds, and fiber optic sensors. High-sensitivity valve sensors can be used to detect extremely weak signals, and infrared sensors are made using the photon hysteresis effect, which has the advantage of extremely fast response speeds.

• Sensor integration

Sensor integration is to use integrated circuit manufacturing technology and micromachining technology to integrate multiple sensor devices with the same, similar or different functions into a one-dimensional linear sensor or a two-dimensional surface (array) sensor; or to use microelectronic circuit manufacturing technology and microcomputer interface technology to integrate sensors with signal conditioning, compensation and other circuits on the same chip. The former integration
can be divided into three types:
1. Integrate multiple sensitive components with the same function on the same chip to detect the distribution information of the measured line, surface, or even body.

2. Integrate multiple sensitive components with similar structures and functions on the same chip to expand the measurement range of the sensor while ensuring measurement accuracy.

3. Integrate multiple sensitive components with different functions on the same chip, so that the sensor can measure parameters of different properties and achieve comprehensive detection. Microsensors generally refer to sensors with characteristic sizes ranging from a few μm to a few mm. They include three structural forms:

1. Micro sensor, usually a simple sensor with a single function, whose sensitive element process is generally compatible with the integrated process.
2. Mechatronic microstructure sensor with micromechanical structure sensitive element.
3. Microsensor system with digital interface, self-test, EPROM (CPU), digital compensation and bus compatibility.

•Intelligentization and networking of sensors Intelligent sensor systems use micromachining technology and large-scale integrated circuit technology, use silicon as the basic material to make sensitive components, signal processing circuits, and microprocessor units, and integrate them on a chip, so they are also called
integrated smart sensors (Integrated Smart/ Intelligent Sensor). Intelligent sensor systems have functions such as self-detection, self-compensation, self-correction, self-diagnosis, remote setting, status group command, information storage and memory, etc.

• Development of detection technology
With the acceleration of the pace of modernization in countries around the world, the requirements for detection technology are getting higher and higher. At present, the general trend of the development of modern detection technology is generally the following aspects:
1. Continuously expand the measurement range and strive to improve the detection accuracy and reliability
2. Sensors are gradually developing in the direction of integration, combination and digitization
3. Pay attention to the research of non-contact detection technology
3. Intelligent detection system