Internal structure of PS501

　　The internal structure of PS501 is shown in the figure below.
　　The main internal structure is introduced as follows:
　　Processor core/memory

　　PS501 uses PIC18 8-bit RISC microcontroller core, and its memory resources include 16KB flash memory and 256Byte EEPROM, which are used to store programs/data and parameters respectively. Both memories can be reprogrammed through the SMBus interface without the need for a special programming interface. Each PS501 has been burned with the Boot loader program before leaving the factory. For different types of electrical equipment, battery cells with different characteristics, and different capacities and other configuration information, users can use Powertool500 software to set up different firmware and download the firmware at the battery pack production site, so that the battery pack manufacturer can easily and quickly change the firmware for battery cells with different characteristics and different host devices without changing the hardware circuit.

　　A/D Converter

　　The PS501 uses a high-precision A/D converter to accurately measure current, voltage, and temperature. After calibration, the A/D can eliminate gain errors and offset errors. In addition to downloading firmware on site during the production process, the battery pack management PCBA based on the PS501 chip also needs to calibrate the A/D conversion circuit and silicon clock oscillator. The calibration content includes: battery pack voltage sampling, each string of battery cell voltage sampling, external and internal temperature sampling, current sampling, and silicon clock oscillator. Therefore, no matter whether it is the component accuracy, the accumulated error caused by PCB design, etc., can be corrected to the greatest extent through calibration, thereby ensuring that each PCBA samples the physical quantity accurately, and the entire process takes only 15 seconds, and the whole process is fully automatic without manual intervention.

　　PowerSmart Firmware/Battery Model

　　The Flash memory contains battery management firmware developed by PowerSmart. The firmware uses proprietary algorithms and a sophisticated three-dimensional battery model that contains more than 250 parameters and compensates for self-discharge, temperature and other factors. In addition, the PS501 performs multiple capacity corrections and error reduction operations during the charge/discharge cycle to improve accuracy, improve fuel gauge and charge control performance. These functions ensure accurate battery capacity reporting and real-time predictions with an error of less than 1%. The reprogrammable nature of the Flash memory allows for rapid firmware upgrades and generation of user versions without changing the silicon design. The PS501 can be easily customized based on the battery chemistry of a specific application.

Figure PS501 internal structure