The composition of hydraulic servo control system and the functions of its components

The hydraulic servo control system is a control method that uses hydraulic technology to achieve high precision, high speed, and high stability. It is widely used in industrial automation, aerospace, robotics, and other fields. This article will introduce the composition of the hydraulic servo control system and the functions of its components in detail.

1. Overview of hydraulic servo control system

The hydraulic servo control system is a system that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy and then achieves precise control of mechanical motion through control elements. It is mainly composed of hydraulic source, actuator, control element, sensor and feedback system. Through the coordinated work of these components, precise control of mechanical motion is achieved.

2. Composition of hydraulic servo control system

1. Hydraulic source

The hydraulic source is the power source of the hydraulic servo control system, which mainly includes a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic oil tank. The hydraulic pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy and provides pressurized oil for the system. The hydraulic oil tank is used to store hydraulic oil to ensure the stable operation of the hydraulic system.

(1) Hydraulic pump: The hydraulic pump is the core component of the hydraulic system. It mainly includes gear pumps, plunger pumps and vane pumps. The function of the hydraulic pump is to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy and provide pressurized oil for the system. Different types of hydraulic pumps have different working principles and performance characteristics. It is necessary to select a suitable hydraulic pump according to the specific application scenario.

(2) Hydraulic oil tank: The hydraulic oil tank is used to store hydraulic oil to ensure the stable operation of the hydraulic system. The oil tank is usually equipped with devices such as an oil level gauge, air filter and oil thermometer to monitor the oil level, cleanliness and temperature of the hydraulic oil.

1. Actuator

Actuators are components in hydraulic servo control systems that convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, and mainly include hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors. Actuators achieve precise control of mechanical motion based on control signals.

(1) Hydraulic cylinder: A hydraulic cylinder is an actuator that converts hydraulic energy into linear motion. According to the different structures and working principles, hydraulic cylinders can be divided into single-acting cylinders, double-acting cylinders, differential cylinders and other types. The main function of a hydraulic cylinder is to achieve precise control of mechanical motion according to the control signal.

(2) Hydraulic motor: A hydraulic motor is an actuator that converts hydraulic energy into rotational motion. The working principle of a hydraulic motor is opposite to that of a hydraulic pump. It uses the pressure of hydraulic oil to push the rotor to rotate and achieve mechanical motion. Hydraulic motors have the advantages of simple structure, small size, light weight, and high efficiency.

1. Control elements

The control element is a component in the hydraulic servo control system that controls the flow direction, pressure and flow of hydraulic oil, and mainly includes hydraulic valves and servo valves. The control element accurately controls the flow of hydraulic oil according to the control signal to achieve precise control of mechanical movement.

(1) Hydraulic valve: A hydraulic valve is a component in a hydraulic system that controls the flow direction, pressure, and flow of hydraulic oil. According to their functions and structures, hydraulic valves can be divided into directional valves, pressure valves, and flow valves. The main function of a hydraulic valve is to precisely control the flow of hydraulic oil according to control signals.

(2) Servo valve: The servo valve is a high-precision, high-response control element widely used in hydraulic servo control systems. The servo valve converts electrical signals into hydraulic signals to achieve precise control of the flow of hydraulic oil. The servo valve has the advantages of high precision, high response, and high stability, and is a key component in hydraulic servo control systems.

1. sensor

Sensors are components used to monitor and provide feedback on system status in hydraulic servo control systems, and mainly include displacement sensors, velocity sensors, and pressure sensors, etc. Sensors convert system status into electrical signals to provide feedback information for the control system.

(1) Displacement sensor: A displacement sensor is used to monitor the displacement of mechanical motion and provide feedback information for the control system. There are many types and working principles of displacement sensors, such as potentiometer, photoelectric, magnetoelectric, etc.

(2) Speed ​​sensor: Speed ​​sensor is used to monitor the speed of mechanical movement and provide feedback information for the control system. There are many types and working principles of speed sensors, such as photoelectric, Hall, magnetoelectric, etc.

(3) Pressure sensor: The pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure in the hydraulic system and provide feedback information to the control system. There are many types and working principles of pressure sensors, such as piezoelectric, piezoresistive, capacitive, etc.

1. Feedback system

The feedback system is a component used to achieve closed-loop control in the hydraulic servo control system, which mainly includes a controller and an actuator. The controller accurately controls the actuator based on the feedback information provided by the sensor to achieve precise control of the mechanical movement.

(1) Controller: The controller is the brain of the hydraulic servo control system, responsible for receiving feedback information from sensors, performing data processing and implementing control algorithms. There are many types and working principles of controllers, such as PID controller, fuzzy controller, neural network controller, etc.

(2) Actuator: The actuator is a component used to achieve closed-loop control in a hydraulic servo control system. It mainly includes a servo valve and a hydraulic cylinder. The actuator precisely controls the flow of hydraulic oil according to the control signal of the controller, thereby achieving precise control of mechanical movement.