What systems are gear pumps commonly used in hydraulic systems?

The hydraulic system is a transmission system widely used in the fields of industry, aviation, shipbuilding, automobiles, etc. It realizes the transmission and control of energy through the pressure and flow of liquid. In the hydraulic system, the gear pump is a very important component. It transfers the liquid from the low-pressure area to the high-pressure area through the rotation of the gear, thereby realizing the conversion and transmission of energy.

1. Working principle of gear pump

The gear pump is mainly composed of a pump body, gears, shafts, bearings, seals, etc. Its working principle is: when the driving gear of the gear pump rotates, it drives the driven gear to rotate together, and the tooth groove of the gear gradually decreases during the rotation process, sucking the liquid from the suction port, and then transporting the liquid to the discharge port through the tooth top of the gear, thereby achieving liquid pressurization and transportation.

The working principle of the gear pump can be divided into the following steps:

1. Suction process: When the driving gear of the gear pump rotates, the tooth groove of the gear gradually decreases, forming a local vacuum, and the liquid is sucked into the pump under the action of atmospheric pressure.

2. Conveying process: As the gears rotate, the liquid is transported to the discharge port, and the top of the gear teeth compresses the liquid, causing its pressure to gradually increase.

3. Discharge process: When the tooth groove of the gear reaches the discharge port, the liquid is discharged out of the pump, completing a delivery process.

4. Circulation process: The gears of the gear pump rotate continuously, repeating the above process to achieve continuous delivery of liquid.

2. Classification of gear pumps

Gear pumps can be divided into the following categories according to different classification standards:

1. Classification by gear type: It can be divided into internal gear pumps and external gear pumps. The gears of internal gear pumps mesh inside the pump body, and the gears of external gear pumps mesh outside the pump body.

2. Classification by the number of gears: can be divided into single gear pumps, double gear pumps and multi-gear pumps. Single gear pumps have only one gear, double gear pumps have two gears, and multi-gear pumps have multiple gears.

3. Classification by gear shape: It can be divided into spur gear pumps, helical gear pumps and spiral gear pumps. The gear teeth of spur gear pumps are straight, the gear teeth of helical gear pumps are helical, and the gear teeth of spiral gear pumps are spiral.

4. Classification by working pressure: It can be divided into low-pressure gear pumps, medium-pressure gear pumps and high-pressure gear pumps. The working pressure of low-pressure gear pumps is low, the working pressure of medium-pressure gear pumps is moderate, and the working pressure of high-pressure gear pumps is high.

3. Application fields of gear pumps

Gear pumps are widely used in hydraulic systems due to their simple structure, convenient manufacturing, low cost, and easy maintenance. The following are the applications of gear pumps in different fields:

1. Industrial field: In industrial production, gear pumps are widely used in injection molding machines, die-casting machines, hydraulic presses, cranes and other equipment to achieve hydraulic transmission and control of the equipment.

2. Aviation field: In the hydraulic system of aircraft, gear pumps are used to drive control surfaces, landing gear, brakes and other systems to achieve aircraft control and operation.

3. Shipbuilding field: In the hydraulic system of ships, gear pumps are used to drive steering gears, anchor winches, cranes and other equipment to achieve ship control and operation.

4. Automobile field: In the hydraulic system of automobiles, gear pumps are used to drive steering systems, brake systems, suspension systems, etc. to improve the handling and comfort of the automobile.

5. Engineering machinery field: In excavators, cranes, bulldozers and other engineering machinery, gear pumps are used to drive hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors and other components to achieve the operation and control of engineering machinery.

6. Metallurgical field: In the metallurgical industries such as steel and nonferrous metals, gear pumps are used to drive rolling mills, continuous casting machines, steelmaking furnaces and other equipment to realize the automation and control of metallurgical processes.

7. Petrochemical industry: In petrochemical production, gear pumps are used to transport crude oil, refined oil, chemical raw materials and other liquids to achieve automation and control of petrochemical processes.

8. Water conservancy field: In water conservancy projects, gear pumps are used to transport water, adjust water levels, discharge floods, etc., to achieve automation and control of water conservancy projects.

4. Selection and use of gear pumps

1. Selection: When selecting a gear pump, you need to consider factors such as working pressure, flow, speed, efficiency, noise, and life, and select a suitable gear pump based on actual working conditions and needs.

2. Installation: The gear pump should be installed horizontally and firmly to avoid leakage, vibration and other problems caused by improper installation.

3. Maintenance: Regularly check the wear of the gear pump's seals, bearings, gears and other components, and replace damaged parts in a timely manner to ensure the normal operation of the gear pump.

4. Cleanliness: Keep the gear pump and its pipelines clean to prevent impurities and particles from entering the pump, which will affect the performance and life of the gear pump.

5. Lubrication: Regularly lubricate the bearings, gears and other components of the gear pump to reduce wear and extend the service life of the gear pump.

6. Troubleshooting: When a gear pump fails, it should be stopped and inspected in time to find out the cause of the failure and deal with it to avoid the failure from expanding.