Experience summary and sharing of electrical fault troubleshooting methods

Three steps to troubleshoot electrical problems

1. Observe and investigate the fault phenomenon:

Electrical fault phenomena are diverse. For example, the same type of fault may have different fault phenomena, and different types of faults may have the same fault phenomenon. The identity and diversity of such fault phenomena make fault finding complicated. However, the fault phenomenon is the basic basis for troubleshooting electrical faults and the starting point for electrical fault troubleshooting. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully observe and analyze the fault phenomenon, find out the most important and typical aspects of the fault phenomenon, and find out the time, location, environment, etc. of the fault.

2. Analyze the cause of the fault - preliminarily determine the scope of the fault and narrow down the fault location:

Analyzing the cause of the fault based on the fault phenomenon is the key to electrical fault troubleshooting. The basis of the analysis is the basic theory of electrical and electronic engineering, a full understanding of the structure, principle, and performance of electrical equipment, and a combination of basic theory of electrical and electronic engineering and actual faults. There may be many reasons for an electrical fault, and the important thing is to find the most important reason among the many reasons;

3. Determine the location of the fault:

Determining the fault location is the final result of electrical fault repair. Determining the fault location can be understood as determining the fault point of the equipment, such as short circuit point, damaged components, etc., or determining the variation of certain operating parameters, such as voltage fluctuation, three-phase imbalance, etc. Determining the fault location is based on a thorough investigation and detailed analysis of the fault phenomenon. In this process, a variety of means and methods are often used, which will be introduced below.

In the process of completing the above work, the accumulation of practical experience plays an important role.

Eight Tips for Electrical Troubleshooting

1. Be familiar with the circuit principle and determine the maintenance plan:

When a device's electrical system fails, do not rush to dismantle it. First, you need to understand the phenomenon, process, scope, and cause of the failure. Be familiar with the basic working principles of the device and electrical system, and analyze each specific circuit. Understand the interconnections between the various levels in the circuit and the ins and outs of the signal in the circuit. Combined with actual experience and after careful consideration, determine a scientific maintenance plan.

2. First the machine damage, then the circuit:

Electrical equipment is based on the principle of electrical and mechanical, especially advanced equipment with mechatronics. Mechanical and electronic functions are organically coordinated and are two parts of a whole. Often, mechanical parts fail, affecting the electrical system, and many electrical parts will not function properly. Therefore, do not be confused by superficial phenomena. Electrical system failures are not all caused by electrical problems, but may be caused by mechanical parts failures. Therefore, first repair the faults caused by the mechanical system, and then eliminate the faults in the electrical part, which often achieves twice the result with half the effort.

3. Simple first, complex later:

When troubleshooting a fault, you should first use the simplest and most practical method that you are best at, and then use the complex and precise method. When troubleshooting a fault, first eliminate the intuitive, obvious, simple and common faults. Then eliminate the more difficult and unsolved difficult faults.

4. Check common problems first, then difficult and complicated ones:

Electrical equipment is prone to the same type of failures, which are called "common problems". Since common problems are common and there is a lot of experience, they can be quickly eliminated. In this way, you can focus your energy and time on eliminating rare, difficult, and weird problems, simplify the steps, narrow the scope, and increase the speed of maintenance.

5. External debugging first, then internal processing:

External refers to the various switches, buttons, sockets and indicator lights exposed outside the electrical equipment and completed seals. Internal refers to the printed circuit boards, components and various connecting wires inside the electrical equipment housing or seals. External debugging first, then internal processing, is to debug and check the switches, buttons and other components on the electrical equipment panel without disassembling the electrical equipment to narrow the scope of the fault. First eliminate the fault caused by external components, then repair the fault inside the machine, and try to avoid unnecessary disassembly.

6. Measure without power first, then test with power on:

First, inspect the electrical equipment without power: make sure it can be powered on, and then inspect and confirm the electrical equipment with power on. When inspecting many faulty electrical equipment, you cannot power on immediately, otherwise it will artificially expand the scope of the fault, burn more components, and cause unnecessary losses. Therefore, before powering on the faulty machine, first measure the resistance and take necessary measures before powering on for inspection.

7. Public circuits first, then dedicated circuits:

If the common circuit of any electrical system fails, its energy and information cannot be transmitted and distributed to each specific special circuit, the function of the special circuit will be affected, and the performance will not work. If the power supply of an electrical device fails, the entire system cannot operate normally, and the energy and information transmitted to various special circuits cannot be realized. Therefore, following the order of common circuits first and special circuits later, electrical equipment failures can be quickly and accurately eliminated.

8. Summarize experience and improve efficiency

Electrical equipment has various faults and they are all kinds of strange. After repairing any faulty electrical equipment, you should record the fault phenomenon, cause, repair process, skills, and experience in a special notebook, learn and master the electromechanical theory of various new electrical equipment, be familiar with its working principle, accumulate maintenance experience, and elevate your experience to theory. Under the guidance of theory, specific faults can be analyzed specifically to eliminate the faults accurately and quickly. Only in this way can you train yourself to become an expert in repairing electrical faults.