Computer host internal structure diagram

Computer host internal structure diagram

Computer bus architecture

The most important feature of the microcomputer hardware structure is the bus structure. It divides the signal lines into three categories, which are classified as data bus, address bus and control bus. This is very suitable for the modular production of computer components and promotes the popularization of microcomputers. The bus hardware structure diagram of a microcomputer is shown in the figure.

Microcomputer bus hardware structure diagram

Main modules of the computer host

Motherboard

The mainboard (M/B for short) is the largest rectangular circuit board in the computer host. The mainboard is the trunk of the host. The CPU, memory, sound card, graphics card and other components are fixed on the slots of the mainboard. In addition, the lead wires on the chassis power supply are also connected to the interface of the mainboard.

①CPU socket: The CPU is fixed on this slot. ②Memory slot: The memory stick is inserted into this slot. We can increase the memory by adding memory sticks. ③AGP slot: The brown slot near the CPU is mainly used to connect the AGP graphics card. ④PCI slot: The white slot next to the AGP slot is slightly longer than the AGP slot. It is the most numerous expansion slot and is mainly used to plug in PCI devices such as sound cards and network cards. ⑤AMR slot: On the side of the motherboard, the length is about half of the PCI slot. It is used to connect some AMR devices, such as modems (③④⑤ are collectively referred to as bus expansion slots). ⑥Drive interface: Devices such as floppy drives, hard drives, and optical drives are connected to the drive interface of the motherboard through data cables. ⑦Motherboard power socket: The motherboard power plug connected to the chassis power supply provides power to the motherboard. ⑧Input/output interface: See the "I/O interface" section in the lower left corner of this version for details. ⑨BIOS chip: BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a set of programs fixed in a ROM (Read Only Memory) chip on the motherboard. It stores the most important basic input and output programs, system setting information, power-on self-test program and system boot program. ⑩Battery: Maintains the contents of the system CMOS and the operation of the system clock on the motherboard during power failure of the motherboard.

Graphics card and sound card

Graphics card

In order for the motherboard to transmit control signals to the monitor and convert digital signals into image signals, an intermediate communication connection component needs to be installed between the motherboard and the monitor. This is the display adapter, or graphics card for short. The graphics card and monitor together constitute the computer's display system.

①Interface: Connects to the monitor's signal cable plug. ②Chip: Located under the fan in the picture, responsible for image processing. ③Video memory: It is where image data is stored.

Sound Card

The sound card is the core component of a multimedia computer. Its main function is to process sound signals and transmit the signals to speakers or headphones to make them make sounds.

① Chip: responsible for sound processing, such as waveform sampling and synthesis and MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) music synthesis. ② Input and output jacks: the most commonly used are the "MIC" jack connected to the microphone and the "SPEAKER" jack connected to the speaker. ③ Interface: connect the joystick.

I/O Interface

Input/output interface is referred to as I/O interface, I and O are the first letters of Input and Output. I/O interface connects the motherboard with input and output devices.