First of all, it should be made clear that the microcontroller cannot directly control the relay, whether it is a 3v relay or a 5v relay.
Reason: For example, the pins of 51 MCU and msp430 MCU cannot be directly connected to the relay. Although the voltage of the pin is sufficient, the current is insufficient, so the coil that should be closed will not close. A transistor needs to be added to amplify the current.
It is said to amplify the current, but in essence it is treating the pin as a switch to control the opening and closing of the actual 3.3v voltage.
The picture below shows a relay module that I designed myself in practice and can work normally.
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