Analysis of Single Chip Microcomputer Application in Electronic Technology

    1. Characteristics and basic composition of single chip microcomputer

    Compared with other embedded systems, the microcontroller is small in size, but highly integrated, with high reliability and control functions; it has low power consumption and uses low voltage, so it is very beneficial to the manufacture and production of portable products; it has good scalability and excellent performance ratio, and its application range is very wide, including office automation equipment, real-time process control, various instruments and meters, medical related equipment, automotive electronics products and computer network communication technology, etc. It can be seen that the microcontroller is a very practical embedded system. Its basic composition includes the following parts: First, the arithmetic unit, whose core is the ALU component, and its main function is to complete binary arithmetic and logical operations. The auxiliary devices of the arithmetic unit include the temporary register TMP, register B, accumulator ACC, Boolean processor and program status flag register PSW, etc.; second, the controller, which is the nerve center of the CPU, including modules such as timing control logic circuit, instruction register and decoder; third, the memory, each storage unit in the memory corresponds to an address, which is represented by a 2-bit hexadecimal number; fourth, input devices and output devices, etc.

    2. Application of single chip microcomputer in electronic technology

    (I) Working principle of single chip microcomputer

    It can be said that the application of single-chip microcomputers in electronic technology is becoming more and more common, thanks to its excellent storage function, and when it comes into contact with the single-chip microcomputer RAM external memory, it must be smoothly realized through the A accumulator, that is, if all data is to be transmitted to the external RAM, it can only be transmitted through the A accumulator, and the data must also be read through the A accumulator during the data reading process. This working mechanism is obviously different from the internal RAM, that is, the internal RAM can directly transmit and read data, but the external RAM cannot. The single-chip microcomputer is actually a highly integrated circuit chip, and the process of executing the program is the process of executing instructions one by one. The so-called instructions here refer to the relevant operations that need to be executed by the single-chip microcomputer written in the form of commands. Usually one basic operation corresponds to one instruction, which is mainly determined by the instruction system assigned to the single-chip microcomputer by the designer. Since the microcontroller needs to follow a specific order when executing instructions, the instructions in the program are also stored one by one in the same order. When executing the program, the microcontroller only needs to take out these instructions one by one and execute them. However, it is required to have a program counter PC to track the instruction address. During the execution of the program, the PC is assigned the address of the corresponding instruction in the execution program. Then, when the PC obtains the command, it will automatically increase the corresponding content. Usually the length of the instruction determines the amount of increase.

    (II) Application of single chip microcomputer in electronic technology

    1. Application in the field of household appliances

    Now, single-chip microcomputers are used more and more widely in the updating of household appliances and market development. For example, single-chip microcomputers are used in electronic toys or advanced TV game consoles to realize their control functions; washing machines can use single-chip microcomputers to identify the type and degree of dirtiness of clothes, and automatically select the washing intensity and time; single-chip microcomputer control in refrigerators and freezers can identify the type and freshness of food, and realize automatic selection of refrigeration temperature and time; microwave ovens can also identify the type of food through single-chip microcomputers to automatically determine the heating temperature and heating time, etc. After applying single-chip microcomputer technology, these household appliances have made great progress in both performance and function compared with traditional technology.

    2. Application in the field of medical equipment

    Modern medical conditions are becoming more and more developed, and people are paying more and more attention to medical sterilization technology. However, the sterilization equipment of some small hospitals and clinics in remote areas is still very simple and cannot effectively control the quality of disinfection. With the development of single-chip microcomputer technology, its small size, powerful functions, flexible scalability and convenient application are becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, it has been widely used in medical ventilators, analyzers and monitors, ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, bed call systems and other equipment.

    3. Application in industrial control field

    In fact, the earliest single-chip microcomputers began to emerge in the industrial field. Today, they are still widely used in the field of industrial control. Single-chip microcomputer technology is used to form a variety of data acquisition systems and intelligent control systems, such as intelligent management of factory assembly lines, intelligent elevators, alarm systems, etc., all of which are secondary control systems formed through single-chip microcomputer technology and computer networking.

    4. Application in the field of instrumentation

    As mentioned above, the single-chip microcomputer has the characteristics of high integration, small size, strong control function and expansion flexibility, fast processing speed and high reliability, so it is widely used in the field of intelligent instruments. To a certain extent, the single-chip microcomputer has led to a revolution in the traditional measurement and control instrument technology. The single-chip microcomputer technology has realized the digitization, intelligence, integration and multi-function of instrument technology. Compared with traditional electronic circuits or digital circuits, its functions are more powerful and comprehensive.

    3. Application of Single Chip Microcomputer in Secondary Vocational Schools

    (I) Selection of MCU model and programming language

    ① Model selection. There are many types of single-chip microcomputers, including 8051, P IC , MS430, AVR, etc. Although the models of single-chip microcomputers are different, the types of resources inside the chip are similar, and the methods of using these resources are also similar. It can be said that learning one type will help you master all other types. The 8051 series is an old model. Although this type of single-chip microcomputer is not the most powerful at present, it is the most widely used, with the most teaching resources, and mature software support and hardware development. For beginners, we choose the AT89S52 model produced by Atmel, which has ISP online programming function. ② Programming language selection. Compared with assembly language, the C language of single-chip microcomputer does not require any understanding of the instruction system of the single-chip microcomputer, and the C language can be used to directly program and operate the single-chip microcomputer; it has convenient modular programming technology, which makes it easy to transplant the compiled program; the C language of single-chip microcomputer has few commonly used syntax, which is conducive to writing small and fast programs. We choose C language as the programming language.

    (II) Teaching objectives Through extensive research and analysis, we unanimously believe that for students in secondary vocational schools, the teaching objectives that should be achieved after completing the course of single-chip microcomputers are: ① Understand the functions and applications of single-chip microcomputers, basic knowledge and their minimum working system. ② Learn to use related software such as Keil and SLISP. ③ Preliminarily learn the typical applications of single-chip microcomputers in engineering such as port operation, display, advanced input, and time control. ④ Learn the usage of C51 basic statements and related functions. ⑤ Further stimulate the interest and desire of students who have spare time to continue learning single-chip microcomputers, so that the overall teaching objectives are finally broken down into specific teaching projects and implemented.

    (III) Design and development of experimental board

    Single-chip microcomputer is a very practical and hands-on course. The most effective way to learn single-chip microcomputer is to pay equal attention to theory and practice, learn and practice at the same time, step by step, so that the instructions used can be understood and mastered. Therefore, before designing a teaching project, it is necessary to design and develop a good experimental board for learning so that each teaching project can be completed on the experimental board. The experimental board can be bought ready-made or designed according to the actual needs of teaching. During the writing process, we designed and developed 5 experimental module boards according to teaching needs, namely single-chip microcomputer module, instruction (button) module, LED display module, seven-segment digital tube module, and LCD display module.

    The teaching project of "Design of Delayed Light" describes the project scenario as: using the P1.0 pin of the microcontroller to control a light-emitting diode to flash on and off at a time interval of 1s, that is, the design of a delayed light. The learning objectives given at the same time are: ① Understand the basic structure of the microcontroller C language program. ② Learn the usage of while() statements, for statements and functions without parameters. ③ Learn to enter the simulation debugging state of the Kiel software, and use the parameters in the "sec" column of the register window to calculate the relevant time of program execution. In this way, students can clearly understand the work tasks required by the teaching project and the relevant knowledge that should be mastered from the beginning, that is, the learning objectives are both specific and clear.

    IV. Conclusion

    In short, to some extent, embedded computer systems have become one of the core technologies of modern electronic systems, and single-chip microcomputers, as the most typical, widely used and most popular embedded systems, occupy an important position in the development history of modern electronic systems.