ARM CPU provides 16 general registers and one status register (CPSR) for user mode, and also provides a backup status register (SPSR) between different modes. For some conventions of software and hardware, the following three registers have different meanings, so please pay attention when using them:
R13 is used as stack pointer (SP) that holds the current stack address(堆栈指针)
R14 is used as link register (LR) that saves return address for the BL and BLX instruction(链接寄存器)
R15 is used as program counter (PC) that points to the executed instruction
ARM provides shadow registers when switching between different CPU operating modes. These shadow registers can shorten the interrupt latency to improve performance. The distribution of these registers is shown in the following figure:
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