Voice Coil Motor (VCM) is a special linear motor, and its working principle is similar to that of the voice coil of a speaker. Its most prominent features are small size, light weight, fast movement speed, high positioning accuracy, and uniform thrust. Since its introduction, it has been widely used in computer storage devices, aerospace instruments (such as aerospace refrigerators), precision distance measuring instruments (such as Hall displacement measurement devices), precision lathes, and mobile phones. At present, the produced VCM motors are widely used in consumer and production markets, especially in high-end household appliances and computers. In view of the shortcomings of VCM structural design and backward technology in my country, this paper studies the design and structural optimization of permanent magnet VCM in combination with existing processing technology. The specific contents are as follows: First, the working principle of VCM is introduced, as well as different structural VCMs such as internal magnetic type and external magnetic type, long voice coil and short voice coil, moving coil type and moving iron type, linear type and rocker arm type and their corresponding characteristics, the significance of torque constant and its influence on motor performance are explained, and the typical applications of VCM in optical disk drives, hard disk drives, and brush test benches (providing static pressure) are introduced in detail. Secondly, starting from the basic theory of electromagnetic field of motor, the finite element method and its application in electromagnetic field simulation calculation are introduced, and the finite element software ANSYS is used to model and simulate VCM in combination with actual examples. Thirdly, the design process of permanent magnet VCM is introduced in detail, and the design method is proposed for reference, which includes quantitative calculation, including the selection of permanent magnet material, volume calculation, voice coil design (turn calculation and selection), and the overall mechanical structure design of the motor. Finally, combined with the principles that should be followed in designing VCM, several structural optimization design schemes are proposed. On the basis of theoretical derivation and analysis, combined with the simulation software ANSYS, several structures are simulated and analyzed for the electromagnetic field and motor performance of the motor, including: the performance difference between the single excitation structure VCM using NdFeB permanent magnet and the traditional ferrite VCM; the effect of adding pole shoes on VCM performance; the effect of adding short-circuit rings and transformation structures on the dynamic response speed of VCM, etc.
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