Understanding mobile phone fast charging technology in one article

韵湖葱白

Understanding mobile phone fast charging technology in one article [Copy link]

 

<div class='showpostmsg'><i class="pstatus"> This post was last edited by Yunhu Congbai on 2022-4-2 14:20 </i> ## Background This article aims to describe the current status of mobile phone fast charging technology, so that amateurs can quickly understand fast charging technology. [Warning] The author of this article is an amateur. ## What is fast charging technology The energy source of a mobile phone is the battery of the mobile phone. When the mobile phone is out of power, we have to use a charger to charge the mobile phone. The two parties involved in charging technology are the charger and the mobile phone, and their connection medium is the charging cable (data cable). This concept is very important and will be used later when talking about fast charging technology. What is fast charging for a mobile phone? Let's review the physics knowledge of junior high school. E = mc ² , that's not right. ~~E = mc ² ~~ In the field of electricity, the unit of energy is Wh, pronounced as watt-hour. The value of 1 kWh we often say is 1000Wh. ``` E = Pt ``` Where P is power, the unit is W, pronounced as watt; t is time, the unit is h, pronounced as hour. Well, if you want to quickly replenish the battery's energy, you can only increase P, that is, the charging power. Assuming that the nominal capacity of the battery is 5000mAh, then its energy is 3.2V*5000mAh=16Wh. If the charging power can reach 16W, then the charging time is 16Wh/16W=1h, which is 60 minutes. If the charging power can reach 100W, then the charging time is 16Wh/100W≈0.16h, which is less than 10 minutes! Let's review the physics knowledge of junior high school. ``` P=UI ``` Among them, U is the voltage, the unit is V, pronounced as volts; I is the current, the unit is A, pronounced as amperes. To increase the power, then: either increase the voltage or increase the current. All fast charging technologies are centered around two variables. In the field of mobile phone charging, it is generally defined as follows: - ≤10W: slow charging - around 20W: fast charging - ≥40W: super fast charging## The principle of fast charging technology The previous section talked about how to achieve the effect of fast charging, and the two variables of voltage and current must be increased. Back to our physical reality, the charging medium of our mobile phone is the charging cable, and its interface is USB. For the sake of simplicity, we do not talk about concepts such as USB2.0, USB 3.0, and USB 3.1. Early USB had 4 wires (VBUS, D+, D-, GND), and the voltage combination of D+ and D- was used to divide the gears, which could change the charging voltage and achieve the effect of fast charging. Today's USB (TYPE C) has at least 5 wires (VBUS, D+, D-, CC, GND), and the CC line can be used for software communication, so it is almost possible to adjust the charging voltage to any value, thereby achieving a smoother fast charging effect. The voltage can be adjusted arbitrarily, but the current is limited by the wire (the safe current carrying capacity of copper wire is 5-8A/mm2 ⁾ . The terrible human beings put an E-Marker chip in the wire to express the current carrying capacity of the wire. **It should be noted that fast charging technology is not only for mobile phones. **To sum up, the basics of fast charging technology are: - Borrowing the hardware or software protocol of the USB cable. - The E-Markker chip of the charging cable gives the charging cable a greater current carrying capacity. ## The current status of fast charging technology The current status of mobile phone fast charging technology can be expressed in one word: ``` There are many mountains and it is a mess``` For fast charging, as long as you can get `P=UI`, you can get P up, which is fast charging. Current fast charging technology and camp: Protocol | Camp | Remarks---|---|--- PD3.1, PD3.0 PPS, PD3.0, PD2.0, PD1.0 | USB-IF | BC1.2 (Battery Charging v1.2) | USB-IF | iPhone7 uses QC4.0+, QC4.0, QC3.0, QC2.0, QC1.0 | Qualcomm | SCP, FCP | Huawei HiSilicon | AFC | Samsung | FC | VIVO | VOOC | OPPO | 5 minutes of charging, 2 hours of talk time PE | Meizu | WARP | OnePlus | DART Flash Charge | realme | SFCP | Spreadtrum | MI Turbo Charge | Xiaomi | The problem caused by these messy protocols is: ``` Incompatibility``` If you want to change the charger, you have to buy a matching one; if it doesn't match, fast charging will immediately become slow charging! ## Which one is more conscientious? Take a look at the table below. It is for reference only and does not support brands. | Test results---|--- Early generic chargers |  A port of an outdoor power supply |  OnePlus |  OppO |  Redmi Note 9 Pro |  Huawei FCP |  Huawei SCP |  A certain outdoor power supply fast charging port A |  A certain outdoor power supply fast charging port C |  Lenovo notebook Type C |  Nengsi charger|  Miscellaneous brand charger|  **Which one is the most conscientious, Huaqiangbei** ## Future fast charging technology speculation - With the advent of PD3.1 (240W-max) and Apple's love for PD, can the game of various manufacturers push PD to the forefront as a standard supported by the industry? - With the development and maturity of fast charging technology, will each manufacturer have the confidence to disclose its own protocols and compete for the martial arts master? - Will any manufacturer introduce new technologies (such as PLC technology in power transmission) to break through the current technical bottleneck?   </div><script> var loginstr = '<div class="locked">To view all the contents of the essence post, please <a href="/bbs/member.php?mod=logging&action=login" style="color:#e60000" class="loginf">log in</a> or <a href="/bbs/member.php?mod=register_eeworld.php&action=wechat" style="color:#e60000" target="_blank">register</a></div>'; if(parseInt(discuz_uid)==0){ } </script><script type="text/javascript">(function(d,c){var a=d.createElement("script"),m=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],eewurl="//counter.eeworld.com.cn/pv/count/";a.src=eewurl+c;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(document,523)</script>

soso

I learned a lot, thanks for sharing :)

dcexpert

This statistic is very complete. It seems that Huaqiangbei is still the strongest.

miaods2002

I didn’t expect a charger to be so complicated. I’ve learned a lot. Thank you for your analysis and sharing.

Fred_1977

Nice sharing content.

落花雨·

Learning and learning, thanks for sharing.

凌辰_K

I didn’t expect a charger to be so complicated. I’ve learned a lot. Thank you for your analysis and sharing.

se7ens

Full of useful information, thanks for sharing

明月半倚深秋i

I learned a lot, thanks for sharing~

明月半倚深秋i

There is so much knowledge about mobile phone fast charging. I have learned it. 12345678

qqqrun

Essence, thumbs up

freebsder

Interesting, thanks for the tip.

zhuyu630

It's a great experience. Thanks for the knowledge.

EE—小学童

Full of useful information, praise

吾妻思萌

Potassium nitride is everywhere now. It seems that this is the trend in the future.

961623540

Been taught a lesson

yang1024

Thank you for your concern, thank you for sharing, thank you for learning