Type-C dual battery fast charging solution

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Type-C dual battery fast charging solution [Copy link]

With the widespread use of Type-C, the previous USB charging solutions gradually need Type-C Power Delivery (PD) to achieve more efficient and fast charging. The previous charger usually only supports single-battery charging, which cannot fully meet the needs in some scenarios of portable devices with high power consumption. Therefore, this article proposes a dual-battery fast charging solution.

Figure 1 is a block diagram of the Type-C dual-battery fast charging solution proposed in this article. The Type-C fast charging protocol is implemented by the USB PD chip TPS65987D, the charging chip uses TI's latest step-up and step-down charging chip BQ25790, and the fuel gauge chip in the battery pack uses BQ40Z50. In addition, the ESD protection of the Type-C interface uses TPD6S300A, and TPS70933 is used at the input end to provide chip power for the entire system. The fast charging protocol, charging and fuel gauge configuration of the entire system are completed by the MCU MSP430FR2476.

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Figure 1 Type-C dual battery fast charging solution

This article focuses on TI's products in this solution.

The TPS65987D is an independent USB Type-C Power Delivery (PD) controller with forward and reverse plug identification for the USB Type-C interface. After cable identification, the TPS65987D uses the USB PD protocol to communicate over the CC line. When cable identification and PD protocol communication are completed, the TPS65987D will open the PD charging path for fast charging.

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Figure 2 Simplified schematic diagram of TPS65987D

The TPD6S300 is a single-chip USB Type-C port protection solution that provides 20V VBUS short-circuit overvoltage and IEC ESD protection. The TPD6S300 enables 20V tolerance on the CC and SBU pins without interfering with normal operation by providing overvoltage protection on the CC and SBU pins. The device places high-voltage FETs in series on the SBU and CC lines. When a voltage above the OVP threshold is detected on these lines, the high-voltage switch is turned on and isolates the rest of the system from the high-voltage condition present on the connector. Most systems require IEC 61000-4-2 system-level ESD protection to be applied to their external pins. The TPD6S300 integrates IEC 61000-4-2 ESD protection for CC1, CC2, SBU1, SBU2, DP, DM pins and eliminates the need for external high-voltage TVS diodes on the connector.

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Figure 3 Simplified schematic diagram of TPD6S300

BQ25790 is a buck-boost charging chip with integrated MOS tube switch, which can support 1-4 lithium or lithium polymer batteries. The charging chip integrates 4 switching MOSFETs (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4), input current and charging current sensing circuits, battery end FET (Q _BAT ) and buck-boost converter compensation circuits. BQ25790 can provide high power density and design flexibility for USB Type-C and USB Power Delivery (USB-PD) application scenarios.

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Figure 4 Simplified schematic diagram of BQ25790

The BQ40Z50 device uses patented Impedance Track technology and is a single-chip fully integrated solution based on battery packs, providing a series of rich functions such as power monitoring, protection and authentication for 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-series lithium-ion or lithium-polymer battery packs. The BQ40Z50 device uses its integrated high-performance analog peripherals to measure the available capacity, voltage, current, temperature and other key parameters of lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries, retain accurate data records, and report this information to the system host controller through an SMBus v1.1 compatible interface.

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Figure 5 Simplified schematic diagram of BQ40Z50

The TPS709 series of linear regulators are ultra-low quiescent current devices designed for power-sensitive applications. The precision bandgap and error amplifier have an accuracy of 2% over temperature. The quiescent current of these devices is only 1A, making them an ideal solution for battery-powered, always-on systems that require very little quiescent power consumption. For added safety, the devices also feature thermal shutdown, current limiting, and reverse current protection. The shutdown mode is enabled by pulling the EN pin low. The shutdown current for this mode is as low as 150nA (typical). The TPS709 series is available in WSON-6 and SOT-23-5 packages.

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Figure 6 Simplified schematic diagram of TPS709

The MSP430FR247x microcontrollers (MCUs) are part of the MSP430 MCU Value Series family of ultra-low-power, low-cost devices for sensing and measuring digital input Class-D audio amplifiers in applications. The MSP430FR247x MCUs integrate a 12-bit SAR ADC and a comparator. All MSP430FR247x MCUs support an operating temperature range of –40° to 105°C, so the FRAM data logging capabilities of these devices are important for higher temperature industrial applications. The MSP430FR247x MCUs are supported by an ecosystem of hardware and software, with reference designs and code examples to help you quickly get started with your design. Development kits include the MSP-TS430PT48 48-pin target development board. TI also offers free MSP430Ware software, which is available as a component of the Code Composer Studio IDE desktop and cloud versions within the TI Resource Explorer. The MSP430 MCUs also offer extensive online companion materials, training and online support through the E2E Community Forum. The MSP430 ultra-low power (ULP) FRAM microcontroller platform combines unique embedded FRAM and an overall ultra-low power system architecture, enabling system designers to increase performance while reducing energy consumption. FRAM technology combines the low-power fast write, flexibility and endurance of RAM with the non-volatility of flash memory. The TI MSP430 family of low-power microcontrollers includes a variety of devices equipped with different peripheral sets to meet the needs of various applications. The architecture, combined with multiple low-power modes, is optimized to extend battery life in portable measurement applications. The MCU has a powerful 16-bit reduced instruction set (RISC) CPU that uses 16-bit registers and constant generators for maximum coding efficiency. The digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) allows the MCU to wake up from low-power mode to active mode in less than 10μs (typical).

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Figure 7 MSP430FR247x block diagram

The above TI products can realize Type-C dual-battery fast charging solutions, which can provide convenience for developers.