中国5G发展为何能引领全球？

从1949年到2019年，中华人民共和国走过了70年的风风雨雨，中国共产党领导中国人民自力更生、艰苦奋斗，创造了举世瞩目的中国奇迹。

实现中华民族的伟大复兴，是近代以来中国一切仁人志士梦寐以求的社会理想。新中国成立70年来，我们比历史上任何时期都更接近中华民族伟大复兴的目标，比历史上任何时期都更有信心、有能力实现这个目标。

这一切是怎么发生的？中国共产党为什么能？中国为什么行？中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信来自哪里？世界充满好奇，时代不断追问。

人民网重磅推出“70年70问”大型全媒体系列报道，寻找历史性成就蕴含的“中国基因”，破解历史性变革背后的“中国密码”。

“现在是在动脉上面进行操作，已找到了正确的平面，可以看到这里面有神经。现在需要去保护神经，这对于患者后续的生活品质非常重要的作用。”

上海新国际博览中心的直播现场。人民网记者 夏晓伦摄

6月28日，在上海举办的2019世界移动大会上，人民网记者现场见证了一场实时5G远程手术指导演示。在患者完全同意的情况下，凭借中国移动提供的5G网络连接，巴塞罗那临床医院胃肠手术服务负责人安东尼奥·德拉齐博士在上海新国际博览中心的场馆里，为上海东方医院手术室提供了远程实时指导。

“5G传输最大优势在哪里？它的整个音频和视频的传输相当好，毫无卡顿和延迟，手术进展非常顺利。”直播场馆里传来医院现场主刀医生的感受。

千百年来，人们一直在通过不同的方式传递信息。在古代，烽火狼烟、飞鸽传书、快马驿站等通信方式被人们广泛传知;第二次工业革命后，科技的进步带动了电讯事业的发展，电报电话的发明让通信领域发生了翻天覆地的变化;之后，计算机和互联网的出现则使得“千里眼”“顺风耳”变为现实……此时此刻，5G的到来即将给人们的生活带来颠覆性的变革。

根据预测，2030年，我国5G间接拉动的GDP将增长到3.6万亿元。今年6月6日，我国正式发布5G商用牌照，基于领先技术的支持，加上全球最大的用户规模、巨大的4G网络、丰富的移动互联网应用等明显优势，我国5G商用牌照的发放可谓水到渠成。业内认为，政府高度重视、企业积极抢滩，“中国5G发展引领全球”已成必然。

创新为基，政企协力

夯实我国5G发展“底盘”

自上世纪80年代以来，移动通信每10年就会出现新一代革命性技术，持续加快信息产业的创新进程，不断推动着经济社会的繁荣发展。然而，很长一段时间，我国移动通信事业都落于人后。

1987年，我国正式进入1G时代，“大哥大”的造型深入人心，但核心技术和标准被外企牢牢掌握;1994年，2G在我国落地，发送短信成为可能，手机也越来越平民化，;2009年，工信部发放3G牌照，更高的带宽和更稳定的传输速度让移动互联走入现实，国产手机顺势而起;2013年，4G牌照如期而至，我国自主研发的TD-LTE标准得到了广泛使用，催生了移动支付、短视频等全新业态。

在经历了“1G空白、2G跟随、3G突破、4G并跑”的不断努力后，5G对于中国而言，来之不易。“5G领先”一方面是源于我国顶层设计的宏观布局，另一方面则来自于企业层面的创新能力和先发优势。

早在2013年2月，工信部、国家发改委、科技部就联合成立了IMT-2020(5G)推进组，全面启动5G技术研发试验。在《“十三五”规划纲要》《“十三五”国家信息化规划》《国家信息化发展战略纲要》《信息通信行业发展规划(2016-2020年)》等重要文件中，均提出要积极推进5G产业发展。

2018年6月，国际移动通信标准化组织3GPP正式批准确立第五代移动通信技术标准(5G NR)独立组网功能，第一阶段全功能完整版5G标准正式出台。同时，我国也加速布局5G产业：三大运营商及中国广电正在加速5G网络建设、推进5G落地应用建设;通信设备领军企业华为、中兴等在标准制定和产业应用等方面已获业界认可;一加、OPPO、vivo等手机厂商，也已向运营商交付首款5G手机……

中国移动研究院院长张同须表示，中国移动制定了“三个五”计划，到年底在50个城市建设5万个5G基站，到2020年，能够提供所有地级以上城市的5G商用服务。另据赛迪预计，未来5年，我国将至少建设1140万个5G基站。

根据3GPP此前公布的5G网络标准制定过程，还需在今年制定第二阶段的5G标准，以满足ITU(国际电信联盟)的要求。预计到2020年，将最终形成完整标准。记者了解到，我国目前有几十家企业或机构成为了3GPP的伙伴。

以华为为例，由其主导力推的Polar已经成为5G控制信道编码标准，是中国在信道编码领域的首次突破;华为近日还在德国柏林消费电子展(IFA)上率先推出了全球首款旗舰5G SoC——麒麟990 5G。业内认为，在5G商用元年，我国不但拥有自己的通信标准、全面领先的5G SoC芯片，而且还能在第一时间获得出色的5G终端体验和丰富的互联网应用。

5G时代的话语权还体现在设备厂商拥有的专利数量上。数据显示，截至去年底，中国5G专利申请数量位居全球第一。其中，华为在5G专利的排名全球第一，中兴通讯则位列全球第三。根据德国专利数据公司IPLytics分析统计，截至2019年3月，中国厂商已申请的全球主要5G标准专利数量占比为34%，远远高于韩国的25%以及美国和芬兰的各14%。

“这足以证明，中国是5G时代的核心引领者。”OPPO副总裁、OPPO研究院院长刘畅告诉人民网记者，中国移动通信技术在几十年里经历了从落后到追赶再到领先，这是一个漫长的过程。当下，凭借超前的战略布局和人才储备，我国5G在全球范围内的专利积累、标准影响力、智能硬件设备的制造以及应用场景开发等方面都具备了明显的先发优势，也为我国的5G发展夯实了基础。

开放为先，合作共赢

拓展我国5G发展空间

开放是繁荣发展的必由之路。中国巨大的市场潜力、开放的合作姿态，吸引了诸多跨国企业来华参与5G的建设，为我国的5G发展提供了宝贵的先进经验和技术支持。

在国家发改委、商务部公布的《鼓励外商投资产业目录(2019年版)》中，增加了在高端制造、智能制造、绿色制造等领域对外商广发“邀请函”，新增了5G核心元组件、集成电路用刻蚀机、芯片封装设备、云计算设备等条目。

5G的发展需要全球共同协作，推动科技产业革命，创造属于全球产业界的共同利益。工信部相关负责人就曾公开表示，英特尔、诺基亚、高通等外资企业积极参与我国5G发展建设，中国企业与他们保持着良好的合作关系，双方互惠互利、合作共赢。

开放合作是5G产业发展的主旋律。今年4月，英特尔与中国联通签署战略合作备忘录：面向2022年北京冬奥会，在5G基础设施技术和智慧场馆方面深度合作，打造全新的5G体验，为奥运会带来前所未有的改变，共创精彩、非凡、卓越的“智慧冬奥”。

作为欧中合作的代表，诺基亚先后与中国移动、中国电信、中国联通、中国一汽、小米、腾讯等实现了技术共享交互，并与多家国内生态合作伙伴构建起5G实验室，发布数项联合研发的5G成果与应用，持续助力中国5G生态系统建设和发展。

At the 2019 ChinaJoy conference held in Shanghai in early August, a Qualcomm Snapdragon theme pavilion covering an area of ​​12,000 square meters and fully covered by 5G live networks attracted people to stop. Here, vivo, Nubia, OnePlus, OPPO, Xiaomi and ZTE respectively demonstrated the cloud gaming experience using smartphones equipped with Snapdragon 5G mobile platforms in the 5G live network environment. Many players on the scene were interested in experiencing the extreme speed brought by 5G technology for mobile digital entertainment.

In an interview with People's Daily Online, Qualcomm China Chairman Meng Pu said that as an important part of China's 5G industry chain, Qualcomm and its partners across the industry chain jointly promote the development of 5G in China and the world, and support Chinese manufacturers to seize global 5G opportunities. Based on this, Qualcomm has always regarded Chinese partners as "the most dynamic and stable partners."

OnePlus is one of Qualcomm's important partners. Liu Zuohu, founder of OnePlus, told People's Daily Online: "All of OnePlus's software and hardware development resources are optimized for the Snapdragon 800 series, which makes us the mobile phone brand that maximizes the performance of Qualcomm's 800 series processors. Close cooperation with internationally leading technology companies has enabled OnePlus to bring high-quality 5G devices to the world."

Liu Qicheng, editor-in-chief of Communication World Network, believes that domestic enterprises can gradually make up for the shortcomings in my country's chip field through international cooperation. "To be realistic, although my country's 5G technology is gradually maturing, practical application is the top priority. In addition to the mobile phone terminals that will be the first to land, the commercial use of supporting industries such as industrial upgrading and Internet of Things construction in the future is still in the trial stage, which is still full of challenges for us."

Of course, the logic of win-win cooperation also runs through all aspects of promoting the development of 5G technology. Recently, at the 32nd meeting of the International Telecommunication Union "WP 5D" held in the small Brazilian town of Buzios, the Chinese delegation submitted a 5G technology plan to the International Telecommunication Union. Xu Xiaoyan, head of the Chinese delegation, said that China's 5G technology plan expressed China's understanding of 5G technology, took into account the integrity and advancement of 5G technology, and maintained the global unified standard with the 3GPP as the core, reflecting the common interests of China and the global industry.

Sharing is the goal, everything is connected

my country's 5G development achievements benefit the world

In the early morning of August 5, my country's 5G field ushered in a landmark moment.

At the 5G Experience Store at Suning Plaza in Ciyun Temple, Beijing, 78-year-old retired bridge engineer Yang Shiqi became the first consumer in China to buy a 5G mobile phone. The phone is the ZTE Axon 10 Pro 5G version, equipped with a Visionox 6.47-inch FHD+ flexible AMOLED screen. Whether it is 5G technology or display technology in the 5G era, my country has achieved independent control of core technologies.

"From daily life to industrial manufacturing, from health care to the Internet of Things... we firmly believe that 5G will truly change the lives of future consumers. Future 5G terminals will not only be limited to mobile phones, but may be smart bracelets, VR glasses, or any other medium you may come into contact with in your life." Hu Bashan, executive vice president of vivo, told People's Daily reporters.

Zhang Xinsheng, chief expert of the China Association for Science and Technology's Information and Communication Science Communication Expert Team, believes that 5G is not only a new generation of mobile communication technology, but also an infrastructure for economic and social development. In the future, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. will promote 5G to become an open and integrated intelligent network. At the same time, 5G technology will also enable many application scenarios such as telemedicine, intelligent manufacturing, smart cities, unmanned driving, cloud gaming, etc.

It can be seen that the large-scale commercial use of 5G technology will have a profound impact and change on the global economic and social development. In this regard, Xin Guobin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, has repeatedly pointed out that any country and people have the right to pursue a better life. 5G is not only important to China, but also to all countries in the world. my country has always adhered to the concept of openness, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win, and has worked with the global industry to promote the development of 5G.

"A single flower does not make spring." Chinese companies have been taking action to support the development of global 5G.

On February 26, South African mobile data network operator Rain announced a partnership with Huawei to jointly launch South Africa's first 5G commercial network, making South Africa one of the first countries in the world to deploy 5G.

On July 9, Morocco Telecom announced that with the technical support of Huawei, Morocco has achieved full coverage of 5G networks, becoming the first country in Europe and even the world to achieve full 5G coverage.

On July 12, ZTE announced that it had teamed up with Slovak mobile operator SWAN Mobile to make Slovakia's first 5G network video call and demonstrated a variety of industry applications based on 5G networks, which is a milestone for the commercial use of 5G in Slovakia.

On July 18, the Ecuadorian Ministry of Telecommunications, local telecom operator CNT and Huawei jointly held the launch event of the 5G experimental bureau. At the event, Ecuadorian President Moreno expressed his expectations for the future of 5G in the country and said that 5G should be deployed as soon as possible because it will play an important role in health, security and education.

On August 27, ZTE announced that it had cooperated with Indonesian mobile operator Smartfren to successfully support the Indonesian Ministry of Communications in demonstrating the application of 5G in manufacturing.

It can be said that China's practice of promoting the development and application of 5G will bring about a wide range of demonstration effects and create new momentum for the development of the global mobile communications industry. China's 5G technology and standards, which lead the world, provide a Chinese solution for promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.