Working principle of grating sensor Application of grating sensor

A grating is a light sensor based on light interference. It consists of three parts: a light source, a grating, and a light receiver. The light emitted by the light source generates interference fringes after passing through the grating, which are then received by the light receiver. The light signal is detected and measured by analyzing the morphological changes of the interference fringes.

The working principle of grating sensors can be explained from the principle of light interference. Interference is a phenomenon in optics. When two light waves meet, the amplitudes of the light waves are superimposed to form a new waveform. Interference phenomena can be divided into two categories, namely, interference of invisible light and interference of visible light. For grating sensors, the detection of optical signals is mainly achieved through the interference of visible light.

The grating is the core component of the grating sensor. It is composed of many parallel transparent or opaque stripes, which are called grating lines. The spacing of the grating lines is very precise, usually at the micron to nanometer level, which enables the measurement of light signals. When light waves pass through the grating, interference occurs, forming interference fringes.

When the light source in the grating sensor emits light, the light passes through the grating and is affected by the grating lines on the grating. The grating lines diffract the light, causing the light to form interference fringes. The morphological changes of these interference fringes are related to the properties of the incident light and the grating. By detecting and analyzing the morphological changes of the interference fringes, the optical signal can be measured and detected.

Grating sensors are widely used. First, in the field, grating sensors can be used to measure linear displacement or speed. By connecting the grating sensor to the object and measuring the displacement of the interference fringes on the grating, the displacement or speed of the object can be measured. This is very common in the fields of automation and production, such as feedback of machine tools, position detection of automated assembly lines, etc.

Secondly, grating sensors can also be used for gratings. Grating encoders are often used to measure rotation angles and positions. By connecting the grating to the rotating shaft and measuring the displacement or morphological changes of the interference fringes on the grating, the angle and position of the rotating shaft can be obtained. The high precision and fast response of grating encoders make them widely used in aerospace, navigation, and other fields.

In addition, grating sensors can also be used for spectral analysis. The grating line spacing in the grating sensor is very precise, which can make the interference fringes generated by the grating have a specific spectral line structure. By detecting and analyzing the spectral line structure of the interference fringes, the wavelength of the incident light can be accurately measured to achieve spectral analysis.

Grating sensors can also be used in the biomedical field. For example, grating sensors can be used to measure blood flow velocity in the cardiovascular field. By connecting the grating to the blood vessels and measuring the displacement of the interference fringes on the grating, information about the blood flow velocity can be obtained. This is of great significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

In summary, the grating sensor is a sensor based on the principle of light interference, which measures and detects light signals by detecting and analyzing the morphological changes of interference fringes. It is widely used in industry, biomedicine, spectral analysis and other fields. The high precision, fast response and other characteristics of the grating sensor make it a very important one.