What are the requirements of CNC machine tools for servo systems?

1. introduction

CNC machine tools are machine tools that are controlled by digital programs and have the characteristics of high precision, high efficiency, and high degree of automation. As the core part of CNC machine tools, the servo system is mainly responsible for receiving the command signals of the CNC system and controlling the movement and positioning of each axis of the machine tool to achieve the processing of the workpiece. Therefore, the performance and stability of the servo system are directly related to the processing accuracy and production efficiency of CNC machine tools. This article will analyze the requirements of CNC machine tools for servo systems from multiple aspects.

1. Performance requirements

2.1 High accuracy

The machining accuracy of CNC machine tools is one of the important indicators to measure their performance. The servo system needs to have high-precision positioning and speed control capabilities to meet the machining accuracy requirements of CNC machine tools. Specifically, the servo system needs to have the following characteristics:

(1) High resolution: The resolution of the servo system determines the minimum moving distance it can control. A high-resolution servo system can achieve more precise control and improve processing accuracy.

(2) High response speed: The response speed of the servo system determines its response time to the instructions of the CNC system. A servo system with a high response speed can quickly and accurately execute the instructions of the CNC system, thereby improving processing efficiency.

(3) Low distortion: The distortion of a servo system refers to the error between its output signal and input signal. A servo system with low distortion can ensure the accurate execution of CNC system instructions and improve processing accuracy.

2.2 High dynamic performance

During the processing of CNC machine tools, workpieces need to be cut at high speed and high precision. Therefore, the servo system needs to have high dynamic performance to meet the requirements of CNC machine tools for high-speed cutting. Specifically, the servo system needs to have the following characteristics:

(1) High acceleration: The acceleration of the servo system determines its response speed to the instructions of the CNC system. A high-acceleration servo system can achieve fast movement and positioning, improving processing efficiency.

(2) High rigidity: The rigidity of the servo system determines its stability when subjected to external forces. A high rigidity servo system can maintain stability during high-speed cutting and improve machining accuracy.

(3) High load capacity: The load capacity of the servo system determines the maximum cutting force it can withstand. A servo system with high load capacity can maintain stability during heavy-load cutting and improve machining accuracy.

2.3 High stability

During long-term operation, CNC machine tools need to maintain stable processing performance. Therefore, the servo system needs to have high stability to meet the stability requirements of CNC machine tools. Specifically, the servo system needs to have the following characteristics:

(1) Low temperature rise: The servo system will generate heat during long-term operation. A servo system with low temperature rise can reduce the impact of heat on machine tool accuracy and improve processing stability.

(2) Low vibration: The servo system will generate vibration during operation. A low-vibration servo system can reduce the impact of vibration on machine tool accuracy and improve processing stability.

(3) Low noise: The servo system will generate noise during operation. A low-noise servo system can reduce the impact of noise on operators and improve the comfort of the working environment.

1. Stability requirements

3.1 Anti-interference capability

During operation, CNC machine tools will be affected by various external interferences, such as electromagnetic interference, temperature changes, etc. The servo system needs to have good anti-interference capabilities to ensure the stable operation of CNC machine tools. Specifically, the servo system needs to have the following characteristics:

(1) Anti-electromagnetic interference: The servo system needs to have good shielding and filtering capabilities to reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on system performance.

(2) Resistance to temperature changes: The servo system needs to have good temperature stability to reduce the impact of temperature changes on system performance.

(3) Resistance to power supply fluctuations: The servo system needs to have good power supply stability to reduce the impact of power supply fluctuations on system performance.

3.2 Overload resistance

During the processing of CNC machine tools, they may encounter sudden overload conditions. The servo system needs to have good overload resistance to ensure the stable operation of CNC machine tools. Specifically, the servo system needs to have the following characteristics:

(1) Overload protection: The servo system needs to have an overload protection function to prevent overload from causing damage to the system.

(2) Overload recovery: The servo system needs to have an overload recovery function to ensure that it can quickly resume normal operation under overload conditions.

(3) Overload alarm: The servo system needs to have an overload alarm function to remind the operator to take timely measures.