Which is better, ternary battery or lithium iron phosphate? Comparison between ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery

Ternary battery refers to ternary lithium-ion battery , which refers to a lithium-ion battery whose positive electrode material uses lithium nickel cobalt manganese (Li (NiCoMn) O2) ternary positive electrode material. The ternary composite positive electrode material precursor product is made of nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt. The ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese can be adjusted according to actual needs. Batteries with ternary materials as positive electrodes are safer than lithium cobalt oxide batteries .

Ternary lithium batteries are suitable for power batteries or small batteries, especially batteries with relatively high capacity. Currently, ternary material cells have replaced the previously widely used lithium cobalt oxide cells and are widely used in the field of laptop batteries.

At present, the most popular lithium-ion batteries on the market are lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium- ion batteries. In this case, which one is better, ternary lithium-ion batteries or lithium iron phosphate batteries? Let's take a look at which one is better.

1. Lithium iron phosphate battery

Lithium iron phosphate battery: The raw materials phosphorus and iron exist in abundant resources on the earth, and the supply channels are less restricted. It has moderate voltage (3.2V), large capacity per unit weight (170mAh/g), high discharge power, fast charging and long cycle life, and its stability in high temperature and high heat environment is higher than other types of batteries.

Compared with the more common lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganese oxide batteries on the market, lithium iron phosphate batteries have at least the following five advantages: higher safety, longer service life, no rare metals and highly polluting heavy metals, support for fast charging, and a wide operating temperature range.

2. Ternary lithium battery

Ternary polymer lithium-ion battery: A lithium-ion battery whose positive electrode material uses nickel cobalt manganese oxide (Li (NiCoMn) O2) ternary positive electrode material, specifically refers to a "ternary power lithium battery " with a ternary positive electrode and a graphite negative electrode. The other type of battery with a ternary positive electrode and lithium titanate negative electrode is usually called "lithium titanate", which does not belong to the commonly known "ternary material."

Ternary lithium-ion batteries have high energy density and better cycle performance than normal lithium cobalt oxide. At present, with the continuous improvement of formula and structure, the nominal voltage of the battery has reached 3.7V, and the capacity has reached or exceeded the level of lithium cobalt oxide batteries.

3. Comparison between ternary lithium battery

1. In terms of the richness of raw materials, lithium iron phosphate batteries are richer than ternary lithium-ion batteries (containing cobalt, which is a precious and rare mineral city);

2. In terms of manufacturing cost, lithium iron phosphate batteries are cheaper than ternary lithium ion batteries and are more suitable for the needs of the mid- and low-end markets;

3. The energy density of ternary lithium-ion batteries is higher than that of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Under the same battery space, ternary lithium-ion batteries have larger capacity;

4. In terms of environmental temperature adaptability and stability, lithium iron phosphate batteries are better than ternary polymer lithium ion batteries. This shows that the two batteries have their own advantages, and the specific situation depends on the product usage environment.

5. In terms of service life, the theoretical value of lithium iron phosphate battery is longer than that of ternary lithium ion battery;

6. In terms of high temperature resistance, the peak value of lithium iron phosphate electric heating can reach 350℃-500℃, while lithium manganese oxide and lithium cobalt oxide are only around 200℃;

7. In terms of low temperature performance, ternary lithium-ion batteries are better than lithium iron phosphate batteries;

Compared with lithium iron phosphate batteries , ternary lithium batteries have a much higher weight energy density, about 200Wh/kg, which means that ternary lithium batteries of the same weight have a longer range than lithium iron phosphate batteries . However, its disadvantages are also obvious. When its own temperature is 250-350℃, the internal chemical components begin to decompose, so it puts forward extremely high requirements on the battery management system, and it is necessary to install a safety device for each battery. In addition, due to the small size of the single battery, the number of battery cells required for a single vehicle is very large. Taking MODEL S as an example, more than 7,000 18650 ternary lithium batteries can meet the assembly amount of a vehicle, which undoubtedly further increases the control difficulty of the battery management system. Therefore, among the models currently on sale in the market, only Tesla uses ternary lithium batteries.