Under the guidance and promotion of national policies, new energy vehicles have been demonstrated in closed areas since 2009, and initially marketized in 2013. Today, they have penetrated into people's daily lives. It is common to take electric buses and electric taxis, and buy new energy private cars. I occasionally heard friends who bought new energy vehicles complain that after several years of use, the battery life of the car battery has dropped significantly and needs to be replaced. As we all know, batteries contain a variety of heavy metal elements, which can be reasonably recycled, but improper handling may pollute the environment. I asked: "What about the old batteries?" My friend thought about it and said: "I have never heard of recycling channels." This caused me to think deeply. Let's follow the automotive electronics editor to learn about the relevant content.
Behind the fire of new energy vehicles is the problem of power battery recycling
New energy vehicles are developing rapidly like mushrooms after rain, but the "shortcomings" of power battery recycling have not made any progress. This has become a great hidden worry for the development of the new energy vehicle market to a certain extent. According to consulting professionals, the life of lithium batteries used in new energy vehicles is about 20 years, but after three to five years of use, the performance will decay. Once the battery capacity decays to less than 80% of the initial capacity, the cruising range will be significantly reduced. Therefore, the power batteries used in new energy vehicles generally need to be replaced every 3-5 years. In 2015, the sales of new energy vehicles in Shanghai, Beijing and other places began to explode. It is estimated that in the next one or two years, we will usher in the first peak of battery abandonment. The China Automotive Technology Research Center predicts that by 2020, the cumulative scrapping of power batteries for electric vehicles in my country will reach 120,000 to 170,000 tons. Where should the waste batteries go? This problem is imminent. During the investigation, the words of an industry insider were deafening: "China's automobile industry has never faced such a historical opportunity as today, nor has it ever faced such severe challenges as today."
After reviewing the relevant documents, I found that the relevant government departments have long been aware of the importance of power battery recycling. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection have successively issued a number of relevant policies to promote the development of the power battery recycling industry, and the automotive power battery recycling policy is gradually being improved. However, after a detailed review, I also realized that the relevant technical specifications need to be improved, the policies issued are encouraging policies, and there is a lack of a power battery recycling penalty mechanism, which makes it difficult to truly implement the policy in practice.
The recycling of power batteries is a job that contains huge treasures. It is recommended that the government speed up the establishment of a battery recycling system and build an industrial chain for the power battery recycling system. We can learn from the successful experience of foreign countries and develop the cascade utilization of waste batteries of new energy vehicles. After being eliminated, these batteries can also be used in energy storage or related power supply base stations, street lights, and low-speed electric vehicles, and finally enter the recycling system. At present, this is a more realistic disposal method.
The recycling of power batteries is a task that urgently needs scientific and technological innovation. It is recommended to speed up independent research and development to break through the technical bottleneck of the disposal of waste power batteries. Using scientific and technological progress to promote the disposal of waste power batteries into a circular economy is an environmentally friendly and feasible path. For example, some foreign companies have made technological breakthroughs and developed a mass production process for the recycling of nickel-hydrogen batteries, extracting mixed rare earth oxides from failed products, and further molten salt electrolysis into mixed rare earth metals that can be directly used to prepare nickel-hydrogen battery negative electrode materials. This method has cost and component advantages over rare earths mined from mines. In addition, the direct application of mixed rare earths obtained through molten salt electrolysis avoids the complex separation and purification of rare earths and shortens the traditional recycling process. This recycling and reuse treatment mode will surely become the main recycling method for treating electronic and electrical waste in the future.
The recycling of power batteries is a task that requires the government to take action. On the one hand, policies should be refined and implemented in a strengthened manner. Through financial subsidies and other means, manufacturers and sellers should be encouraged to participate in the recycling of power batteries, and the market should be guided to establish a battery recycling mechanism. On the other hand, battery technical standards should be issued to guide enterprises to produce standardized power batteries, laying the foundation for large-scale series combination in the future. Accelerate the construction of a standard system for the management of power battery recycling, and standardize systems such as traceability management, tiered product management, scrapping and penalty management.
The above is an introduction to the issue of power battery recycling behind the popularity of new energy vehicles in automotive electronics. If you want to know more related information, please pay more attention to eeworld. eeworld Electronic Engineering will provide you with more complete, detailed and updated information.
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