Analysis of Internet of Vehicles Technology and Bottlenecks

    The Internet of Vehicles is an important project to solve the future urban traffic pressure, and it will also provide a guarantee for driving safety, and its future prospects are very promising. However, in actual surveys, the public's support rate is not high, and the reason is that they do not trust the security of the Internet of Vehicles itself.

    The University of Michigan conducted a poll of 1,600 people, including Americans, British and Australians. The results showed that 62% of the people were optimistic about the Internet of Vehicles and believed that its development trend would be good. However, the support rate of Americans for the Internet of Vehicles was lower than the average, with only 57% support rate. Compared with the British with 67% support rate and the Australian with 63% support rate, Americans seemed a little pessimistic.

    Many people believe that the Internet of Vehicles can effectively help people drive safely and obtain some driving-related information. However, a small number of people still question the security of the Internet of Vehicles system itself. 30% of voters said they are very concerned about the leakage and loss of personal information data.

    At the same time, the University of Michigan investigators found that most of the people who participated in the vote expressed concerns about the performance of the Internet of Vehicles system during driving, especially in bad weather conditions, the driver's increased dependence on the Internet of Vehicles system will make him distracted during driving. Despite the doubts about the safety of the system, more than three-quarters of people still firmly believe in the important role of the development of the Internet of Vehicles. At the same time, nearly 80% of people firmly believe that this Internet of Vehicles product that integrates personal information has a significant role in some aspects. In today's rapid development of science and technology, everyone hopes that the Internet of Vehicles can improve vehicle safety, driving efficiency, and reduce road congestion.

Definition of Internet of Vehicles

    The concept of Internet of Vehicles comes from the Internet of Things. The traditional definition of Internet of Vehicles refers to the system that uses identification technologies such as wireless radio frequency to extract and effectively utilize the attribute information and static and dynamic information of all vehicles on the information network platform, and effectively supervises the operating status of all vehicles and provides comprehensive services according to different functional requirements. According to the definition of the Internet of Vehicles Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, the Internet of Vehicles is a large system network based on the in-vehicle network, inter-vehicle network and in-vehicle mobile Internet, and conducts wireless communication and information exchange between vehicles and X (X: vehicles, roads, pedestrians and the Internet, etc.) in accordance with the agreed communication protocols and data interaction standards. It is an integrated network that can realize intelligent traffic management, intelligent dynamic information services and intelligent vehicle control. It is a typical application of Internet of Things technology in the field of transportation systems.

Technologies used in connected vehicles

    The main concepts used in the Internet of Vehicles are: ITS and RFID

    ITS refers to intelligent transportation. It is a real-time, accurate and efficient integrated transportation management and control system established by organically applying advanced sensor technology, communication technology, data processing technology, network technology, automatic control technology, information publishing technology, etc. to the entire transportation management system.

    RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. It automatically identifies the target object and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals. The identification work does not require human intervention and can work in various harsh environments. RFID technology can identify high-speed moving objects and can identify multiple tags at the same time. The operation is quick and convenient. The basic RFID system consists of a tag, a reader, and an antenna. RFID has functions such as vehicle communication, automatic identification, positioning, and long-distance monitoring. It has a very wide range of applications in the identification and management systems of mobile vehicles.

    The development of today's Internet of Vehicles system is mainly achieved through the complementary cooperation of sensor technology, wireless transmission technology, massive data processing technology, and data integration technology. The future of the Internet of Vehicles system will face the integration of system functions, massive data, and high transmission rate. The vehicle terminal integrates the electronic equipment of the vehicle dashboard, such as hard disk playback, radio, etc., and data collection will also face the requirement of multi-channel video output. Therefore, for the transmission of image data, it is necessary to widely use the popular 3G network.

    It is understood that the future Internet of Vehicles will be realized mainly through the cooperation of wireless communication technology, GPS technology and sensor technology. In the future Internet of Vehicles era, wireless communication technology and sensor technology will be complementary. When the car is in the blind spot of the sensor such as the corner, wireless communication technology will play a role; and when the wireless communication signal is lost, the sensor can come in handy.

Bottlenecks in vehicle networks

    At present, there are still some bottlenecks in the industrial development of the Internet of Vehicles, which can be divided into three aspects:

Leading Missing

    Compared with smart grids, security and other fields, the Internet of Vehicles is not the most mature and practical IoT application, but it still wins strong attention due to its strategic height and huge consumer market. The emergence of the Internet of Vehicles has brought opportunities for industrial upgrading in the fields of automobile manufacturing, content provision and mobile communications. On the one hand, it has prompted the automotive industry to shift from pure hardware sales to a new model bundled with services and content; on the other hand, it has enabled operators and service providers to quickly locate high-end customer groups and facilitate the provision of products and services. In addition, the state's requirement that new energy vehicles "must have remote monitoring capabilities" has also allowed the Internet of Vehicles to span two strategic emerging industries.

    There is no strict definition of the so-called Internet of Vehicles. Simply put, it is to use cars as nodes in the information network, and realize the coordinated interaction of people, cars, roads and the environment through wireless communications and other means to achieve intelligent transportation. However, since its birth, the Internet of Vehicles has always faced the "unmanned driving" situation of lacking a unified management entity. Compared with the three major management departments, mobile operators, automotive electronics companies, content providers, and service providers are more interested in participating in the Internet of Vehicles. Due to the long industrial chain of the Internet of Vehicles and the large number of participating industries, there are many "blind men touching an elephant" understandings of the Internet of Vehicles, and the game of interests is inevitable.

Technical shortcomings

    With the birth of the concept of Internet of Vehicles, automotive electronics has also changed from focusing on mechanics and safety to emphasizing system integration capabilities and the collaborative interaction between cars and the environment. The Internet of Vehicles needs to solve the problem of information exchange and sharing between systems, while achieving effective interaction with drivers and passengers. In addition, the Internet of Vehicles can also obtain data from various sensors in the car body through the car body network connection, and use it for alarm or remote diagnosis after processing. However, the core chip technology of most high-end sensors used for information collection is not mastered by Chinese companies. At the same time, the bottleneck of communication network bandwidth has also become a technical problem for the Internet of Vehicles. The bandwidth of 3G networks cannot meet the future demand for image and streaming media transmission, and the autonomous network technology of 4G networks and DSRC (dedicated short-range communication) has not yet been fully broken through.

    When the collected information is gathered in the data center, it needs to be stored, interacted and analyzed. China has not yet mastered the core technology in cloud computing and super-massive data processing. Finally, on the basis of fully obtaining accurate information from the system, intelligent processing for different applications is a global problem, which requires a lot of work to study the mathematical model of intelligent applications.

    At present, China has reached a certain level in chip design and development, but the problem of self-control and management is still severe. China's Internet domain name system and address, as well as item barcodes, all use foreign technical systems and coded addresses. The Internet of Vehicles cannot repeat the same mistakes in vehicle identification.

    In fact, the Ministry of Public Security has launched a special electronic tag with a recognition rate of more than 99.9%, which can be installed on the windshield of a car to form a unique identification of the vehicle's identity and location information. However, to track vehicle information, a certain density of data collection facilities needs to be deployed in the monitoring area.

Difficult model

    Faced with the huge market temptation, Internet of Vehicles-related companies are unwilling to wait for technological and management breakthroughs. Telecom operators, automotive electronics and service companies, and even automotive trading companies have begun to move forward with a simplified Internet of Vehicles operation model - integrating around the in-vehicle intelligent platform to achieve integration of content and applications.

    With the advantages of mobile network channels, the three major operators' approach to promoting the Internet of Vehicles is basically to connect the on-board smart terminals with wireless channels to provide operational services such as real-time traffic conditions, navigation, rescue positioning, vehicle condition detection, and 4S store appointments. Most of them are based on call centers or mobile Internet and do not involve any new technology. It is only equivalent to a new business expansion based on the existing network.

    The real Internet of Vehicles should be an integration of multiple information systems, with information between people, cars, roads and the environment being interoperable, and an Internet of Vehicles based on Internet of Things technology. No relevant standards have been issued, and it cannot even be considered in the initial stage. However, this model is the only one that can be realized under existing technical conditions and can immediately see benefits. But even this existing model cannot ensure success in the business model. The so-called "Internet of Vehicles" products and services that enter the market are all paid for by automobile manufacturers on behalf of end users, usually for one to three years, and it is still unknown whether they will actively renew the service after the expiration.