A design case of an intelligent parking management navigation system

　　1.1 Demand Background

　　At present, China's national economy is in an important stage of rapid development. With the healthy and sustained rapid development of the national economy, the GDP and residents' income have continued to grow steadily. my country's automobile industry has shown explosive growth, and the scale of production and sales has maintained an average annual growth rate of more than 20% in the 10 years from 1999 to 2009. According to the latest statistics on domestic automobile production and sales in 2009 released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in 2009, my country's automobile production and sales were 13.791 million and 13.6448 million, a year-on-year increase of 48.30% and 46.15%. The year-on-year growth rate of nearly 50% has also exceeded the highest blowout period in history. At present, my country has become the world's largest automobile consumer.

　　1.2 Industry Status

　　As people's living standards continue to steadily improve, cars as a means of transportation have gradually become an indispensable necessity in daily life. With the continuous growth of automobile sales, especially the emergence of a large number of private cars, traffic and parking problems in the central areas and prosperous commercial areas of many cities have become increasingly worse. Due to the shortage of parking spaces and blind cruising in search of parking spaces, congestion and disorder have been caused, resulting in a lot of unnecessary traffic flow. The serious waste of resources and time, as well as the increase in exhaust emissions, are not conducive to the orderly, healthy and sustainable development of cities.

　　How to effectively reduce the ineffective traffic flow caused by blindly searching for parking spaces, optimize the allocation of parking resources, improve the convenience of parking, ensure smooth traffic and standardize parking order. Reduce management costs, improve site utilization efficiency, save time and resources, reduce unnecessary emissions, and promote green and environmentally friendly city construction.

　　For a long time, the construction of parking facilities in large and medium-sized cities across the country has lagged behind the rapid growth of motor vehicles, causing parking conflicts to become more serious. The vicious cycle of "difficult parking and disorderly parking" has become a difficult and hot issue in urban traffic management. The shortage of parking spaces directly leads to travel inconvenience, traffic jams, damage to greenery, damage to the environment, and threats to safety, thereby affecting the quality of life, increasing production costs, and hindering the normal development of the social economy. Its harm is self-evident. If measures are not taken early, it will be detrimental to the orderly, healthy, and sustainable development of the city. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the supply and demand relationship of parking to promote the coordinated development of the urban parking system.

　　1.3 Industry Analysis

　　According to the latest survey on the number of parking spaces and cars in 16 large and medium-sized cities in my country, the ratio of public parking spaces to cars is 1:3, and some cities even reach 1:5, that is, there is one parking space for three or five cars. In particular, the ratio in commercial areas and urban tourist attractions is as high as 1:10. As of June 2009, statistics show that there are 248 residential areas and 244 social parking lots registered in Suzhou City, which can provide 64,760 parking spaces. Among them, there are only 35 three-dimensional parking garages (lots) registered with the Special Equipment Safety Supervision Department of the Municipal Quality Supervision Institute, which can provide 3,393 parking spaces, accounting for only 5% of the total number of parking spaces in the city.

　　These two figures simply reflect the contradiction between "supply" and "demand", but the parking issue is by no means simply a matter of supply and demand. From construction to management, from resource utilization to operation and charging, the problem exists at multiple levels - this is by no means a simple issue of parking space supply.

　　Note the following reasons:

　　1. Parking space information is not smooth and parking lot management is inefficient;

　　After entering the parking lot, the vehicle cannot find the corresponding parking space in the fastest and most convenient way. There is no corresponding intelligent indication in the process of finding a parking space, and the unnecessary search in the process of finding a parking space causes unnecessary traffic. This wastes the owner's time and resources. The ineffective use of existing parking spaces is also an important factor affecting static parking. Providing an effective way to improve the utilization rate of existing parking space resources so that the parking space information in each parking lot can be stably and efficiently transmitted to the driver is also a problem facing managers.

　　The intelligent parking management system will provide real-time vacant parking space information through parking space detection technology, and provide navigation function, effectively solving the trouble of finding parking spaces.

　　2. Management is chaotic and charging standards vary, which easily leads to disputes;

　　At present, most parking lots use the personnel charging method. In the charging process, the charging factors such as parking time and vehicle type are not clear, which is easy to cause disputes. At the same time, the accounts are not clear, which cannot avoid corruption and embezzlement of fees.

　　The intelligent parking management system will automatically register the vehicle entry and exit time, automatically charge and display, and use wireless voice prompts and other functions to increase transparency and credibility. At the same time, it can automatically generate reports according to time periods to make the charging situation clear and correct.

　　2. Products and Features

　　2.1 Product Introduction

　　In the intelligent parking lot management system, we took the lead in proposing an intelligent parking lot management system based on the combination of Wi-Fi + RFID + infrared sensing technologies, which mainly realizes three functional requirements: vehicle intelligent navigation, one-card fee recording, parking space management, etc., meeting the urgent needs of modern smart parking lots.

　　The system is designed from the perspective of improving humanization and intelligence. The entire parking process is highly closely connected, and the vehicle intelligent entry, exit, and charging are realized.

　　2.2 Product Features and Description

　　In order to achieve the above goals, the following analysis is made on the design of the parking system: The intelligent parking system is a system with autonomous functions. The system goal is to achieve that after the vehicle enters the garage area, it will automatically drive to the parking position designated by the garage management system after wireless communication with the garage management system. When the owner needs to pick up the vehicle, the vehicle will automatically drive to the designated exit after the parking management system operates the vehicle. The design of this system seeks to minimize the number of guiding signs in the parking lot to minimize the layout cost of the parking lot. First, I will virtualize a parking lot. The scene of the parking lot is shown in Figure 3.1.

　　When the vehicle enters, the card is swiped, the identity is confirmed, and after the information is correct, the gate opens and the vehicle enters the parking lot. The LED navigation screen can display the parking space occupancy status of the entire parking lot and automatically navigate the direction of the vehicle. When the owner has parked properly, the system automatically identifies the parking space of the vehicle and returns it to the server, while refreshing the navigation record.

　　When the car owner drives away, the system automatically calculates the parking time and the amount.

　　2.3 Design Principles

　　The systems and system structures used in this system comply with the following principles:

　　Normative

　　This system complies with relevant national standards and industry standards during the design process.

　　Practicality

　　The system has the ability and level to complete the functions required in the project. The system meets the relevant domestic and international specifications required by the actual needs of this project, and is easy to implement and operate. The intelligent system after implementation can adapt to the development of technology now and in the future.

　　Advanced

　　This intelligent system complies with the development trend of the industry, thus protecting the user's investment in the system and the applications running on it.

　　reliability

　　The system has the ability to complete the functions specified in this technical document under the specified conditions and within the specified time, and has the ability to work long-term and stably. The intelligent system after implementation is guaranteed to be in good operating condition.

　　Economical

　　The system meets the optimal performance-price ratio in various systems and conditions.

　　Maintainability

　　The connection of any part in the system is flexible, that is, the connection from physical wiring to data communication and automatic control equipment is mostly not or rarely restricted by the physical location and type of these devices.

　2.4 Product Architecture

　　The system adopts advanced system architecture design system, adopts inductive smart card management, core technical components are imported, main management equipment is designed and produced by ourselves, and adopts RFID card identification method. In order to facilitate parking for owners, protect equipment safety, and prevent collision accidents, this scheme is designed to adopt an inductive card reading distance of 10-100mm. The card reading equipment complies with various national smart card management regulations.

　　The system adopts network management, sets up a fee management office at the exit, issues cards to car owners uniformly through computer management, collects parking fees for temporary parking, and can realize automatic storage of entry and exit records, computer software management and other functional requirements.

　　The parking lot uses a card management system, that is, through authorization to issue cards, parking customers can park with the card. That is, the card is the certificate for entering and exiting the parking lot. Fixed customers can issue fixed parking cards, and the cards are kept by the owners for a long time. Temporary parking customers who need to park can get tickets from the ticket machine to enter the parking lot and pay when leaving.

　　The system should adopt the vehicle management function for temporary parking customers and fixed parking customers, that is, vehicle identification equipment for fixed customers and automatic ticket issuing equipment and barriers for temporary customers should be installed at the entrance and exit to allow legal vehicles to pass and prevent illegal vehicles from entering and exiting.

　　An infrared parking space identifier is installed in each parking space to identify and manage the vacancy of the parking space and provide feedback to the management system as soon as possible.

　　All system equipment is managed through Wi-Fi networking, which minimizes wiring and construction troubles during the entire system deployment process. At the same time, the control server can control the system, set parameters and charge temporary fees through a computer in the central management room.

　　The LED electronic display screen at the entrance of the parking lot can dynamically display the parking space information of the parking lot, and can accurately guide the vehicles in an orderly and intelligent manner.

　　The gate has a responsive automatic rising and falling function as well as anti-collision and anti-smashing functions, which can ensure that no matter whether it is an incoming vehicle or a reversing vehicle, as long as it stays under the gate bar, the gate bar will not fall, strictly preventing the occurrence of vehicle smashing and other phenomena.

　　The management software runs under the Chinese WINDOWS environment and should provide complete management and query functions. It can be modified according to requirements. The parking lot automatic management system can be connected to the property management center to conveniently realize the property fee management of the parking lot.

　　At the same time, the intelligent parking management system has the function of vehicle information management, and stores the vehicle image data in the server's hard disk and database using image compression technology. When the vehicle exits the parking lot and reads the card, the image of the vehicle entering and exiting can be called up for the administrator to identify and compare (such as vehicle model, color, license plate number, etc.), and the vehicle will be released after confirmation. At the same time, a video identification function can be added to the entrance and exit, that is, a camera can be installed at the entrance and exit to capture the vehicle image, and linked with the card reader through video multimedia processing technology.

　　2.5 System Principle

　　3. System main equipment and management software

　　3.1 Entrance and exit control machine

　　1) Control chassis: The latest design concept; sealed, rainproof, dustproof, the surface is sprayed with plastic, anti-corrosion, anti-aging, suitable for outdoor use, and will not fade for ten years under normal circumstances. Use the back cover to open the chassis door for easy inspection and maintenance.

　　2) Card reading and writing system: The system uses RFID cards, which have 16 partitions and can be expanded into a one-card system for access control, attendance, charging, channel management, patrol, etc. It uses a unique confidential communication protocol, has strong security, and has multiple mutual authentication. The sensing distance used in the parking system is 10CM.

　　3) Panel signal system: The panel indicator lights can indicate whether the reader/writer, digital vehicle detector and card dispenser are working properly.

　　4) Information display screen: Chinese and English LED display, installed on the front of the entrance and exit control machine, above the smart card reader, displays the parking entry and exit time, fee amount, card balance, card validity period and other related information in text form. If the system does not allow entry or exit, it will display the relevant reasons, which is clear and intuitive. When idle, it displays the time and date, welcome words, or other system-related prompt information.

　　Features:

　　1) Using outdoor ultra-bright LED light-emitting tube, it can still display brightly during the day;

　　2) Adopting overload scale integrated circuit and high-performance single chip microcomputer, the system is stable and easy to upgrade;

　　3) Chinese and English scrolling display, rich content, humanized greetings;

　　4) Rainproof and waterproof design ensures reliable operation around the clock;

　　5) The appearance design is novel, and the system operates in stages without affecting the overall performance of the system;

　　6) The displayed content can be changed arbitrarily according to customer needs;

　　7) Voice prompts: Matching the functions of the electronic display screen, voice prompts are given synchronously to guide users to use the parking lot scientifically. The parking time, payment amount and humanized and warm language prompts (such as "Welcome" and "Bon voyage") are reported to the car owner to improve the transparency of the system's collection and payment.

　　3.2 Automatic barriers

　　1) When the electric railing with two-way self-locking function is opened or closed, external force cannot cause the electric railing to rise or fall.

　　2) With time protection function, when the limit switch fails (circuit is broken or magnetic switch is damaged), the railing will stop when it reaches the end point through the precisely set running time.

　　3) It has soft start function and over-current and over-heat protection to effectively protect the normal operation of the motor in the core part of the electric railing.

　　4) Various control modes: manual control, button control, remote control console and computer control.

Its main components:

　　Chassis: The structure is solid and firm, with protection against rain and spray-coated plastic. The shell can be easily opened and removed with a special key.

　　Car barrier rod: It is made of aluminum alloy square rod, and the rod body is reinforced with a whole line of ribs, which is of reliable quality. When the railing is greater than 4 meters and the wind is strong, the railing may break.

　　Electric Motor: The motor and reduction mechanism are integrated into one design, with compact structure, belt-free transmission, maintenance-free and lifetime warranty.

　　Transmission part: The four-link balance design ensures that the railing runs lightly and smoothly with low input power, prevents artificial lifting and pressing of the railing, and cleverly transfers the external force to the chassis through the transmission mechanism.

　　Electronic control part: inductive proximity switch, mechanical travel switch, and structural buffer top position triple control. It consists of the main controller (control box), limit switch integrated on the reducer, remote control, etc., and has a remote control interface that can be connected to a triple button or other control equipment to implement opening, stopping, and closing control.

　　Defuwei electric barriers have a full range of varieties and specifications to meet the needs of various environments and occasions. They are divided into standard and fast types according to the traffic volume; left and right according to the direction; and straight bar type, curved bar type, folding bar type and fence type according to the shape of the barrier. At the same time, users can also choose remote control devices, infrared detection protection devices or ground sensing detection protection devices, RFID card intelligent parking management system and other configurations

　　3.3 Navigation Information Screen

　　The Chinese and English LED display intelligent navigation is installed at each entrance and corner, showing the parking time and parking space usage in text and pictures, and recommending station parking spaces and trajectory routes.

　　3.4 Parking Space Detector

　　Infrared sensing detectors are installed under each parking space to detect parking space control status in real time.

　　3.5 Data Transmission Base Station

　　The venue is covered with Wi-Fi AP readers and writers, using IEEE 802.11 technology, responsible for data exchange and information feedback.

　　4. System workflow

　　4.1 Smart Parking Entry and Exit Flowchart

　　4.2 Intelligent parking logic judgment diagram

　4.3 Vehicle Entry and Exit Process

　　When the vehicle entering the site drives to the card reading area, the system automatically detects whether there is a vehicle. If there is a vehicle, the owner gently shakes the card within the card reading range, and the system can sense the information on the card and transmit it to the control system. After the system logic judges correctly (if the card is expired or damaged, the card reading will not respond, and a voice prompt such as "this card is illegal" will be issued), the reading and writing system writes information to the card and transmits it to the management host for storage (at the moment of card reading, the system captures the image of the vehicle entering the site and transmits it to the computer for storage). The system also issues a voice reminder such as "Welcome to the site, how long is this card valid", and the Chinese electronic display screen displays the corresponding Chinese subtitles. The single-chip microcomputer issues a gate opening command, the gate automatically opens, the vehicle enters the parking lot, the anti-smashing vehicle detector detects the vehicle passing, and the gate automatically falls back.

　　When the vehicle leaves the site and drives to the work area, the system automatically detects whether there is a vehicle. If there is a vehicle, the owner only needs to gently shake the card within the card reading range, and the system can sense the information on the card and transmit it to the control system. After the system logic judges correctly (if the card is expired or damaged, the card reading will not respond, and a voice prompt such as "this card is illegal" will be issued), the system writes information to the card and transmits it to the management host for storage (the system captures the image of the vehicle leaving the site at the moment of card reading and transfers it to the computer for storage). At the same time, the system calls out the image captured when the card enters the site, and the on-duty personnel compare the two images (such as license plate number, vehicle model, etc.). If there is no error code, the gate is opened manually by pressing the enter key (the automatic comparison system automatically compares the image and number by the computer, and if they are consistent, the gate is automatically opened and released). The card reader sends out warm reminders such as "Bon voyage, how long is this card valid", and the Chinese electronic display screen displays the corresponding Chinese subtitles. The gate automatically opens, the vehicle enters the parking lot, the anti-smashing vehicle detector detects the vehicle passing, and the gate automatically falls back.

　　4.4 Temporary Vehicle Entry and Exit Procedure

　　When temporary vehicles enter the parking lot, they drive to the work area, and the on-duty personnel pre-make the license plate (enter the license plate number, model, etc.) and issue the card by computer, or the owner of the vehicle presses the card retrieval button on the card reader to retrieve the card. The system reads the information on the card and writes the information to the card after the logical judgment is correct (the system captures the image of the vehicle entering the parking lot at the moment of card reading and transfers it to the computer for storage). At the same time, the system sends out warm reminders such as "Welcome to the parking lot", and the Chinese electronic display screen shows the corresponding Chinese subtitles. At this time, the system transmits the record to the management computer, the owner takes the card, the barrier gate opens automatically, the vehicle enters the parking lot, the anti-smashing vehicle detector detects the vehicle passing, and the barrier gate automatically falls back.

　　When the vehicle leaves the parking lot, it drives to the duty booth. The owner hands the card to the duty personnel to read the card on the temporary card meter. The system reads the information on the card, writes the information on the card after the logical judgment is correct, and transmits it to the computer for storage. At the same time, the system captures the image of the vehicle entering the parking lot at the moment of card reading, and transmits it to the computer for storage. At this time, the system calls out the image captured when the card enters the parking lot, and the duty personnel compare the two images (such as license plate number, vehicle model, etc.). If they are consistent, the duty personnel will charge the corresponding fees according to the computer display. The system card reader also sends out warm reminders such as "Bon voyage", and the toll display screen displays the corresponding toll amount and related Chinese subtitles. The duty personnel presses the enter key to open the gate, the gate opens, the vehicle leaves the parking lot, the anti-smashing vehicle detector detects that the vehicle has passed, and the gate automatically falls back.

　　4.5 Special Vehicle Entry and Exit Procedures

　　The entry and exit procedures for special vehicles (such as free military and police vehicles) are as follows:

　　Entry: When a vehicle enters the parking lot, the on-duty personnel presses the [F8] key to open the gate. The system automatically records this information, the gate automatically opens, and the vehicle enters the parking lot.

　　Exit: When exiting the parking lot, the operator on duty presses the [F9] key. The system records this information and compares it with the entry information. If it is correct, the gate will open automatically and the vehicle will leave the parking lot.

　　5. Product Features

　　The intelligent parking management system adopts the stable and mature Windows Server 2003 operating system platform, and the background uses SQL Server 2005 database, which is safe, reliable and easy to maintain. The system can monitor the status of vehicles at the entrance and exit, the status of electric barriers, whether there is a card in the card dispenser, and other information in real time. The system adopts a three-layer structure, and each layer component can be updated and replaced separately, so that you can more effectively reduce costs and simplify management in future improvements; at the same time, data processing can be transferred from the client to the application server and database server to adapt to large-scale and complex application requirements; it has a wide range of database access and replication capabilities; it can effectively improve the system's concurrent processing capabilities and system security.

　　The intelligent parking lot adopts the advanced C/S mode, and the software interface is humanized and in Chinese. It only needs simple computer operation without professional computer knowledge, and can be mastered with a little training. The parking lot system has powerful data processing functions, which can query vehicles in the parking lot, print fee statistics reports, and manage parking lot data.

　　5.1 Card Management

　　The management of smart card related information can contain a complete set of vehicle information: such as license plate number, model, owner information, etc. At the same time, RFID can also be used as an electronic wallet, which can achieve unified charging of chain parking lots and offline central charging, etc.

　　Rent and issue cards, pair car and card, one car with multiple cards, one card with multiple cars, etc.

　　5.2 Vehicle Entry and Exit Management

　　The system controls the gate to open and close the vehicles entering and leaving.

　　5.3 Fee Management

　　The charging record includes the amount to be collected, the amount actually collected, the amount to be paid, the source of the charge (whether the lower computer charges or the upper computer charges), etc.

　　5.4 Statistical Reports

　　Query statistics daily reports, weekly reports, monthly reports, annual reports, etc. At the same time, the statistical query report can be displayed in the form of a bar chart or pie chart, or exported to an Excel table.

　　5.5 Intelligent Navigation

　　Intelligently navigate vehicle parking based on real-time parking space vacancy information.

　　5.6 Information Query

　　In order to enable parking lot managers to manage the parking lot in a more orderly manner, the management software provides a parking information query function for all vehicles. There are four query methods: vehicle ID, parking space number, parking time range, and parking fee range.

　　5.7 System Management

　　Record all system operation logs and send them to designated places via Email.

　　Permission control: the system can assign different permissions based on operators or administrators.

　　6. Product advantages

　　6.1 Advanced Parking Space Identification and Management Technology

　　The system uses advanced parking space recognition technology, which can accurately identify whether each parking space is vacant or not.

　　6.2 Friendly functional interface

　　The system uses an intuitive parking lot floor plan as the main display page, allowing users to intuitively experience the usage of parking spaces in the entire parking lot.