Professional sound engineering construction technology

Since professional audio engineering technology is a comprehensive technology that brings together knowledge from many disciplines, it has developed along with the development of professional audio related technologies. In particular, as the performance and grade of audio and lighting equipment are getting higher and higher, the importance of professional audio engineering technology is getting stronger and stronger. To make an analogy: the construction of professional audio engineering is like a tailor cutting a piece of clothing, and professional audio equipment is like the fabric of the clothing. Anyone can buy any kind of fabric on the market, but a good tailor can bring out the best characteristics of ordinary fabrics and make a good piece of clothing; and no matter how good the fabric is, if it is given to a crappy tailor, he can't make a decent piece of clothing. The construction of professional audio engineering is like this. With the same cost and different designs, the quality of the project will be different; with the same equipment and different facilities, the quality of the project will also be different.

To sum up, the characteristics of audio engineering are: the amount of work is not large, but the engineering technology content is high; the engineering is highly flexible, but the responsibility is heavy. When it comes to the workload of professional audio, the technical personnel in the industry know that a medium-sized project, if it goes smoothly, one or two hundred man-hours are enough; a slightly larger project can be completed in a few hundred man-hours, so compared with the projects in other industries, the amount of work is indeed not large. However, this small project contains a high level of technical content, which requires strict design and selection, qualified pre-embedded and pipe-threading technology; reliable welding technology; scientific debugging and testing methods, etc. It is also true that the project is highly flexible. The audio engineering is not too restricted by objective factors. On the contrary, users or decoration units generally try their best to meet the requirements of the audio engineering. However, these flexibility also include great responsibilities. Imagine; if you are entrusted with a project worth hundreds of thousands or millions of yuan to construct, if you fail to meet the requirements or the quality of the project is poor, or even leave hidden dangers in the project, then the responsibility you have to bear is great.

2. Engineering technology requirements

As a professional audio engineering with high technical content and great responsibility, it has special requirements in construction technology. First of all, it is necessary to have a qualified construction team. The construction of Guowei audio engineering must be efficient and reliable. If there is no qualified construction team, not only the design plan cannot be effectively implemented, but also the construction quality is difficult to guarantee. In this team, there should be: electricians, welders and electronic technicians with relevant technical licenses, and at the same time, some personnel with experience in audio engineering construction should be selected. Only such a construction team can ensure the smooth completion of the project. Secondly, the construction of the project must be carried out strictly in accordance with the design. Guowei audio engineering is a complex project that is greatly affected by theoretical design and construction technology. If you act recklessly based on imagination and experience in the construction of the project, it will definitely bring adverse consequences. The design is completed after fully understanding various situations and conducting a series of calculations, and must be the basis for the construction work. Finally, the project must be constructed in accordance with the corresponding technical specifications. The construction of sound engineering involves different types of work, and the construction technical requirements and safety measures of these types of work are not the same. Only by conscientiously implementing these technical specifications can the quality of each construction link and the safety of construction workers be guaranteed. As for the specific technical details and precautions, the author has specifically described them in the "Sound Technology" magazine, so I will not analyze them separately here. 3. Steps of engineering construction (1) First, pre-embed the pipelines and hanging parts.

The pre-buried pipelines and hanging parts should generally be started immediately after the project is determined, because generally speaking, the pre-buried pipelines are mainly in unbuilt stages or undecorated ground and wall surfaces. If they are not pre-buried in time, it will easily affect the progress of the decoration project. At the same time, it must be noted that the outlets of the pre-buried pipelines must be handled in coordination with the decoration department, otherwise the beauty of the decoration may be affected due to improper handling; the pre-buried position and lifting strength of the hanging parts must be confirmed by the construction technicians, otherwise the safety cannot be guaranteed. Usually, the pipelines that need to be buried in the cement structure should choose steel pipes of better quality, with a diameter according to It is determined by the number of cables to be passed through; for pipelines passing through ceilings and decorative walls, iron or fire-proof PVC cable ducts are generally selected, mainly because they are easy to thread, can accommodate a large number of cables, and are fire-proof; for pipelines that are buried over a long distance, inspection ports must be opened at a certain distance. Finally, it must be noted that the work of pre-buried pipelines is almost impossible to change. Once you decide where to bury, how much to bury, and how to bury them, and after the pre-buried work is completed, it is unlikely to be changed. Therefore, before pre-buried, you must carefully analyze the design, clarify the number, location, power supply and control methods of the equipment, and on this basis propose the accurate number, diameter and direction of the pipelines.

(2) Secondly, welding and installation of various sheds and racks are required.

This work should be carried out in conjunction with the decoration project as much as possible, because it is inevitable to open some holes and damage existing decorations during construction, all of which require the assistance of the decoration department. During the welding process, workers with welding qualifications must be allowed to operate. In addition to the safety requirements of the method, the main reason is that the welding quality is directly related to the lifting strength of the scaffolding and cannot be sloppy. At the same time, because welding construction is usually carried out at the same time as the decoration project, there will be some flammable materials on site, so fire prevention must be paid attention to during construction. After the welding is firm and the painting is completed, the installation of these sheds should begin. The safety of the installation is also very important, and the hoisting can only be started when there are sufficient construction technicians; finally, all installation parts must be equipped with reliable protection measures so that the installation can be guaranteed to be safe.

(3) Next, various cables will be laid.

Although this work is relatively simple, it should be carried out carefully, especially the one of threading the pipe, which cannot be sloppy. Reasonable methods should be mastered in laying cables. For example, the steel wire and the cable to be threaded should be firmly tied together when threading the pipe, and the tying head should reduce resistance. A small amount of lubricating oil should be applied when necessary. Secondly, the trouble of cable damage or disorder should be avoided. Furthermore, the cables should be carefully checked when they are laid, such as whether the outer skin is cracked, whether the shielding layer is damaged, whether the core wire is broken, etc. Finally, be sure to make obvious marks on the laid cables for use in equipment installation and future maintenance.

(4) Afterwards, various equipment should be installed

The installation of equipment must be carried out after the decoration is completed and the cables are laid correctly. The audio and lighting equipment is not only expensive, but also many equipment need to avoid dust contamination. The messy decoration site is not suitable for equipment installation. The installation of equipment should first pay attention to the careful inspection when unpacking, because the packaging of many foreign equipment is very standardized, and some important spare parts or instructions may be isolated at the bottom of the box, which is easy to be thrown away with the box when unpacking; secondly, the product manual should be carefully read before the equipment is installed to master the correct installation method and steps. For example; the bulbs and coated glass of many computer lights require cotton gloves to be installed, and direct contact with hands is not allowed; finally, the equipment must be installed firmly and the protective measures must be complete, especially the lighting equipment, which is high, heavy and often moves, and is generally above the stage or dance floor, so safety must be absolutely ensured.

(5) The last step is the connection of power supply line, control line and signal line.

This is a job that requires meticulousness and technicality, so it should be done by people with strong technical skills and a strong sense of responsibility. When connecting the lines, first of all, the method must ensure that it is done without electricity, because the power supply requirements of audio and lighting equipment are different. If power is provided during installation, it will not only be unsafe, but also easily damage the equipment; secondly, the construction must comply with the electrical installation specifications, because the electrical installation specifications are the standard for testing whether the method is reasonable, so whether the construction is carried out in accordance with the specifications or not, the quality of the project at the end is completely different. Many regular engineering experts who construct in accordance with the specifications can tell at a glance that the work is "beautiful"; thirdly, various plugs are required In large-scale projects, the number of various two-core, three-core, lotus connectors, XLR plugs, and multi-core plugs required is very large, and it often takes several people a long time to complete them at the same time. If you don't understand the correct connection method and welding method before welding, you can imagine how troublesome it will be to start over, so you must make it clear. For example: the XLR pins of some European audio products are different from the general ones, so you must not weld them wrongly; some lighting control lines require higher shielding. If the welding is unreasonable, it may cause the lights to malfunction; finally, all the live wires, neutral wires, ground wires and shielded wires in the line must be connected accurately. In terms of power supply, , it should be noted that the power supply used by some audio and lighting equipment often causes misunderstandings. For example, some equipment uses 110V AC, and the random transformer is plugged in separately. If it is forgotten when connecting the line, and the power plug of the equipment is directly plugged into the 220V power supply, the consequences can be imagined; for example, some devices on the same side use low-voltage AC, and some use low-voltage DC. Their plugs are very similar in appearance. If you are not careful, after power is turned on, the sound will be reversed and eliminated, the sound pressure will be reduced, and the sound quality will deteriorate. At the same time, it is also easy to cause the device casing to be charged, leaving a safety hazard; in terms of shielding, the system network The anti-interference ability of the network is mainly determined by whether the system shielding is correct. If the shielding is not working, it will damage the equipment. The error of the power supply line phase may affect the phase of the speaker, thus whether it is correct and the quality of the shielding. It is often found in some projects: either there is no shielding, or the shielding layer forms a closed loop; or the shielding wire is connected incorrectly and no shielding network is formed to resist interference. Some construction workers even confuse the signal ground and the power supply zero, ground, shielding wire and signal wire, and connect them randomly, which not only cannot resist interference, but also brings a lot of interference, so we must first understand these concepts clearly.

(6) In addition, the installation, power supply lines and connection conditions must be checked.

Because the entire system of audio engineering involves many connection points and connectors, errors may occur during installation due to individual reasons. Therefore, detailed inspection is necessary. General inspections include the safety of equipment installation, whether the power supply lines are reasonable, whether the connections of each connector are correct, etc. Another important inspection item is: carefully check whether the status settings of each device meet the design requirements. This must not be forgotten, otherwise it is easy to cause equipment damage. These states include: whether the bridge switch is in place when the power amplifier requires bridging; whether the power selection switch of each device is appropriate; whether the lighting equipment is voice-controlled or electronically controlled; whether the address code of the computer light is set correctly; the input method setting of the projector, etc.

(7) Once all the above construction steps are completed, you should prepare to debug the equipment.

As for the debugging of equipment, it is difficult to unify a general method because the situations of each project are different. They need to be discussed separately. If we want to fully and comprehensively introduce the debugging process of all types of projects, the space will be too large. Here we will only briefly introduce the debugging of general engineering equipment.

A. Preparation before debugging

The debugging of audio engineering is a job that requires both technology and experience as well as seriousness and meticulousness. When the design and construction meet the requirements, unreasonable and imperfect debugging will not only fail to achieve the design effect of the project, but also may cause the equipment to work in an abnormal state. Therefore, the importance of this work must be fully recognized before debugging. Before debugging, carefully confirm whether each device is installed and connected correctly, and carefully ask the construction personnel about the problems left over from the construction that may affect the use; before debugging, carefully confirm whether each device is installed and connected correctly, and carefully ask the construction personnel about the problems left over from the construction that may affect the use; before debugging, you must carefully read all the equipment manuals again, and carefully check the markings and connection methods of the design drawings; before debugging, you must make sure that there are no problems with the power supply line and power supply voltage; before debugging, you should ensure that there are no relevant personnel on site; before debugging, you must also prepare the corresponding instruments and tools.

B. Sound system debugging

The debugging of the sound system is the key to engineering debugging. The sound system involves the most equipment, the most parts to be debugged, and the most problems may be encountered, so you must first concentrate on completing it. Instruments and tools that need to be prepared: phase meter, noise generator, spectrum analyzer (including sound level meter), multimeter, etc.

Debugging steps: Turn on the machine separately, and check the signal transmission situation step by step starting from the sound source. This inspection is very meaningful, because only when the signal is well transmitted in each device, the power amplifier and speakers will get a normal and correctly processed signal, and only then will there be a good sound reinforcement quality. So when doing this step, you must be patient and careful. When doing this step, don't rush to connect the speakers and power amplifier, and it is best to put the peripheral processing equipment in bypass mode. When checking, you should follow the direction of the signal, and check its level setting, gain, phase and smoothness step by step to ensure that each device can get the best signal provided by the previous device and provide the best signal for the downstream. While checking the signal, you should also check whether the equipment is working normally and stably one by one. The significance of this work is that if a single device fails or is unstable at this time, it is easier to deal with and will not endanger the safety of other equipment. Therefore, this inspection should not be carried into the next step.

After the above is correct, connect the speakers and amplifiers to the system one by one. At a relatively low volume, use a phase meter to first check whether the phases of all speakers are consistent. Prepare for the following debugging, connect the noise generator and equalizer to the system, prepare the spectrum analyzer, and start debugging the equalizer at a moderate volume. The test points of the spectrum analyzer should be selected according to relevant standards. The principle of debugging the equalizer is: make the spectrum analyzer within the audio range of 20Hz~20kHz, and the displayed hall frequency response curve is basically flat at each test point. Note: Keep the volume consistent when testing each point. Then record the position of the potentiometers of each frequency point of the equalizer after debugging; similarly, keep the smaller volume and the larger volume consistent, and then record the position of the potentiometers of each frequency point of the equalizer after debugging; similarly, debug again with a smaller volume and a larger volume respectively, and then record the debugging results of the equalizer. Finally, analyze the data of several debugging results, and find a compromise position of each frequency point of the equalizer under various volumes, and then test again, and draw the frequency response curve of the hall, and the final position of each frequency point of the equalizer should also be recorded. Note: in the debugging of the equalizer, the frequency compensation of the mixing console must be set to 0, and other peripheral equipment must be in bypass state.

In addition, it should be noted that in normal sound engineering, considering that the decoration materials of the hall have weak absorption of high-frequency signals, the signals above 10kHz can be slightly attenuated. After completing the above steps, the electronic crossover should be debugged.

The crossover can be debugged separately for high, medium and low frequencies, and the purpose of the crossover in the system is different. The debugging methods are also different. If the crossover is only used for the crossover of the bass speaker, then after the above-mentioned equalizer debugging is completed, let the bass speaker work alone, set the bass crossover point of the crossover between 150~300Hz, adjust the gain of the bass signal appropriately, and then listen to it together with the full-frequency system, and then stabilize the bass and full-frequency volume; if the crossover is used in the full-frequency system, it is required to accurately set the high, medium and low frequency crossover points according to the parameters provided by the speaker manufacturer, and then repeatedly adjust the signal gain of each frequency band until the listening experience of each frequency band is relatively balanced, and then refer to the sound pressure conditions of the spectrum analyzer at each test point in the next step for further fine-tuning.

After the basic debugging of the equalizer and electronic crossover is completed, the sound pressure level of the hall should be measured. The test points are still the same as before. The noise source should be a pink noise meter. In addition to the full frequency band, try to select several frequency points in the high, medium and low frequency bands for testing. The goal of the test is: under the premise of ensuring the best dynamics of the signal, adjust the system's sound pressure to reach the designed sound pressure level at each point. At the same time, refer to the conditions of each point in the high, medium and low frequency bands, and then make slight adjustments to the equalizer and electronic crossover respectively. If the results of the sound pressure level at each test point deviate greatly, that is, the uniformity of the sound field is not good , we should carefully analyze and improve accordingly. We should first start with the construction technology of building decoration. If there are major defects in this aspect, which affects the quality of the sound field, we should propose feasible rectification measures: If there are no obvious defects in the decoration, or there are certain deficiencies, but improvements cannot be made, we should analyze the placement, direction and installation of the speakers. The analysis includes: the distance between the speakers and the four sides of the building, the installation position requirements between the speakers, the direction and frequency characteristics of the speakers, etc. The following is a comparison based on the placement and installation methods of common speakers in actual projects using diagrams.

The next step is to debug the microphone and effects. The debugging of the microphone can be carried out in different categories. For the wired microphone for vocals, it is fine as long as there is no audible line noise and the sound quality is normal. The acoustic feedback within its effective range can be monitored by frequency spectrum analyzer, and the corresponding frequency and position can be recorded. The wired microphone for musical instruments must be debugged together with the band, and the model of the microphone used for each instrument and the pickup distance must be recorded. The wireless microphone must be debugged together with the band, and the model of the microphone used for each instrument and the pickup distance must be recorded. When debugging the wireless microphone, attention should be paid to: the antenna position should be reasonable, the dead spot position when the microphone is used should be placed (keep a record), the signal level gain of the receiver should be appropriate, the best position for noise reduction fine-tuning should be repeatedly searched for, etc. For the debugging of the effects, the principle is to ensure that the input signal gain can enable the effects to obtain the expected dynamic sound signal, and a certain margin should be left, and the effect mixed signal output should be set according to demand. As for the specific effect selection and parameter setting of the effector, some rough experiments should be done, and then the selection should be made according to the requirements of the program. It should be noted that the reverberation time and delay amount of the effector should not be adjusted beyond a certain range, so as not to affect the clarity of the language and the continuity of the signal. The debugging of the microphone and the effector should also include the debugging of the return listening system. The principle is: make the frequency response characteristics of the return listening system consistent with the main sound reinforcement system, and the sound pressure level should be such that the actors (including the band) can clearly hear their own voices. It should not be too large, and it should not bring additional sound feedback, etc.

The debugging of the compressor should be carried out after the above equipment of the system is basically adjusted. Generally, in engineering, the role of the compressor is to protect the power amplifier and speakers, as well as to make the sound speakers and the sound changes smooth. Therefore, when debugging, you must first set the compression start level. Usually, it should not be set too low. Of course, too high will also reduce the protection effect. The specific setting should depend on the adjustment range and signal conditions of various compressors. Secondly, the compression start and recovery time should be set. Usually, the start time should not be too long to avoid untimely protection action, and the recovery time should not be too short to avoid damage to the sound effect; then the compression ratio should be set, which is generally set at about 4:1 in engineering. Pay attention to the setting of the noise gate in the compressor: if the system does not have a large noise gate to close; if there is a certain amount of noise, the threshold level of the noise gate can be set lower to avoid intermittent sound reinforcement signals. If the noise of the system is large, it should be analyzed from the construction technology aspect, and it cannot be solved by the noise gate alone. Other settings can be determined according to different requirements. The debugging of other equipment will not be introduced in detail one by one. In general, the principle of debugging is to carefully read the product instructions, make fine adjustments step by step and carefully, and selectively use audio processing equipment to meet the design requirements without destroying the basic sound field conditions.

C. Lighting system debugging

D. For the complex traditional stage lighting system, since it involves the lighting of characters and stage scenery and the lighting shapes required by different needs, the debugging in this regard includes the hue, color, color temperature, brightness, projection range, scene of the dimming console, editing of the sequence program and other aspects of the light, which is not a simple debugging of general practical engineering. Just like the sound system, it also requires a lot of serious debugging to complete. As mentioned earlier, for the design, construction and debugging of the traditional complex lighting system, it is best to carry out with the help of professional design institutes and professional performance units. In the debugging of the lighting system of general sound engineering, since the requirements for performance are not as strict as those of professional performance venues, there are not many technical indicators involved in the debugging. Relatively speaking, the debugging of the lighting system is not too complicated, but there are also technical requirements higher than the traditional stage lighting technology. There are not many technical indicators, relatively speaking, the debugging of the lighting system is not too complicated, but there are also technical requirements higher than the traditional stage lighting technology, that is: there are many computer lights involved in practical sound engineering, so engineering and technical personnel should study seriously in this regard.

First of all, you should carefully check the individual operating status of each device, because the control system and mechanical components inside the computer light are relatively sophisticated, the light consumes a lot of power, and the protection measures are relatively complete. Therefore, if the internal control components or bulbs are damaged due to transportation or installation, the computer light generally will not work properly. It is rather troublesome to confirm the cause of the faulty computer light in a complex lighting system. Therefore, try to check the status of each device separately before connecting or installing the system. This will achieve the purpose of checking both the lamps and the console.

Secondly, the lighting fixtures must be set up correctly.

It can be said that all computer lights can only work properly under the correct settings, so if the unit and system are in a normal and orderly state, the correct settings are very important. The settings include: the control form of the lamp, the power supply method, the range of motion, the address of the lamp in the system, and the processing of the control line terminal. Among them, the position setting of the lamp in the system often makes mistakes in the project. Its setting is based on the selection of the address code, that is, the DIP switch on the lamp must be strictly in accordance with the table provided in the product manual, and it cannot be done rashly. The next thing is the setting of the lighting control equipment.

The biggest feature of computer lights is that they all require corresponding and correctly set control devices to control their operation. If the control console is improperly selected, the settings are unreasonable or a malfunction occurs, the computer lights will not work properly or may even not work at all. In particular, the control equipment of complex lighting systems plays an important role in the normal operation of lighting, so the equipment must be set. The settings include: control form, output method of control signals, model and quantity of lamps, content of control program software, etc.

Finally, it is necessary to explain: after completing the above steps, you need to check whether the actions of the controller and the computer light are consistent, whether the self-test of the lamp is normal, etc. In addition, pay attention to whether the lighting system and the sound system interfere with each other. If so, record the time when the problem occurs and the model of the specific equipment to facilitate future resolution.

Debugging of D video system In general audio engineering, the number and complexity of video equipment are not too large, so debugging is relatively simple.

First, set up the display device.

Due to the limitations of the installation environment, it is usually difficult to install the product accurately according to the distance requirements. Therefore, the display equipment needs to be adjusted and set during engineering debugging. This can also provide an accurate reference for the debugging of camera and editing equipment. In general projects, the adjustment of display equipment is mainly the adjustment of the projector. High-speed aspects include: high-speed image deformation, etc. For multimedia displays, line frequency and field frequency must also be adjusted. Special attention should be paid to: when adjusting image deformation, if the environmental conditions are not met, it is necessary to make full use of the projector's "oblique projection" function to compensate. For example: RCF's 4001 projector has the functions shown in the figure below: Secondly, the camera, editing and distribution equipment must be debugged.

Because the imaging quality of camera devices can vary greatly under different working conditions and working environments, the camera equipment should be uniformly adjusted after the project is completed. The adjustment must be made with reference to the same display device and under different lighting conditions of the same scene. The adjustments include: the range of motion and control of the pan/tilt head, lens focus, white balance adjustment, sensitivity adjustment, output format adjustment, etc. The debugging of editing and distribution equipment mainly includes adjusting the signal input and output format, selecting the character format, etc.

E. Overall debugging When the debugging of each system has been completed and it is confirmed that each device is in good condition and there is no obvious debugging error, the overall debugging of the entire system should be started. Unlike the separate testing of each device and each system, the overall debugging does not have a clear specific adjustment part. Its main task is to check whether the interconnected working parts of the various systems are coordinated in the coordinated operation of each system, and whether they will have mutual influence and interference when working together. For example, check whether the switching of videos will bring noise to the sound system, check the control ability of the sound system on the sound-controlled lighting, check whether the dimming action in the lighting system will interfere with the sound system, etc.

F. System simulation operation After the system is debugged, the process that must be carried out before the formal operation is the system simulation operation. No matter what the scale of the sound system is, the number of its equipment is relatively large, and the working status is also different. In addition, the quality and working stability of the equipment in the system are inevitably uneven. In a short period of engineering debugging, it is difficult to find hidden dangers or deficiencies. However, once the project is completed, the actual system operation time will be much longer, and there are often phenomena of overtime and overload operation. At that time, the hidden dangers and deficiencies that have long existed in the system but have not been discovered may expand rapidly, bringing adverse effects to both users and the project. Simulation operation is to understand the working status of the system in an environment similar to the actual operation, find problems, and prevent them before they happen.

First, it is necessary to measure the current of each phase of the power supply line when each system is running individually and when the system is running as a whole.

Although corresponding requirements are made for the power supply lines during design and construction, and there is a general understanding of the current distribution of each phase, there will definitely be discrepancies between the actual operating conditions and the theoretical values. In order to have a clear idea and be foolproof, the current conditions during actual operation must be measured. Generally, a clamp meter can be used to measure the time and number of operating equipment for each phase. If it is found that there is a large gap between the actual measured value and the theoretical value, or the current distribution ratio of each phase is greatly different, or there is an abnormal current in the line, it must be rectified again to ensure power safety.

Secondly, check the working stability of each device when running at full load and for a long time.

A big difference between professional audio systems and non-professional audio systems is that they show completely different working stability under full load and long-term operation. Working stability has also become an important performance indicator of professional audio and lighting equipment. But even if they are professional equipment, the working stability varies greatly. Some equipment can still work normally in very harsh environments, while some equipment is worrying when working for a long time. These inspections include: changes in sound quality, changes in lighting control performance, stability of wireless microphone frequencies and reception when the battery is insufficient, noise generated by each device when working for a long time, etc. However, it should be noted that the inspection of working stability is based on the premise of ensuring that the equipment is in a reasonable environment. The working environment of the equipment cannot be deliberately made bad or the equipment cannot be put in an abnormal working state for the purpose of inspection. The damage to the equipment caused by doing so will not be covered by the warranty.

Finally, check the heating of each device when it is running at full load and for a long time. The equipment of the sound system is basically power-consuming equipment, and there will definitely be different degrees of heating during operation, especially high-power equipment such as amplifiers, lights, and cameras. Usually, the heating is more obvious, so the heating phenomenon to a certain extent will not have any impact on the use of the equipment and the safety of the system and equipment. However, if no appropriate heat dissipation space is reserved during installation, or the heat dissipation of the equipment itself is poor during long-term and heavy-load operation, it should be solved, otherwise the equipment will be protected at the least, and the equipment will be damaged at the worst. If the equipment heats up seriously within the normal working range, it must be replaced; if there is no suitable heat dissipation space and the equipment generates a lot of heat, forced ventilation should be considered, and the user should be clearly informed; dust cleaning and equipment maintenance should be carried out regularly.

It should also be added that: Generally, the system should be tested under different loads and at different times during simulation operation to further check the system's operating safety and stability.

In short, the simulation operation of the system is a very important and necessary work. Every work at this time will be exchanged for the long-term stability of the equipment and the safety of the system. In particular, the heating condition of the power supply line and equipment will be directly related to the safety of the project, so it should be highly valued by all engineering and technical personnel.

G. Recording of debugging results and problems Because there are many items to be debugged, set and checked in audio engineering, and these results and problems are important reference materials for future use and maintenance, it is necessary to record the results and problems at each step of the work, and then conduct necessary analysis and summary. The recorded data that are useful to the users should be given to them; the recorded data that are useful for future maintenance should be properly kept by the designer. The recorded results include: the location number of the equipment, the setting status of the equipment, the test data during debugging, the information of related program editing, etc.; the recorded problems include: problems with the equipment working environment, problems with equipment interference, problems with the equipment operating status, problems that are not related to the audio work but affect the operation of the system, etc.

4. Difficult problems in the project As a complex multi-technical project, various problems may occur in the process of sound engineering. In addition, there are many types and quantities of equipment in the sound and lighting system, and the technical requirements of the system vary greatly, so various problems are inevitable, and usually some difficult problems will be encountered.

According to the characteristics of audio engineering, the design of the project plays a major role in the quality and progress of the project. Therefore, as long as the design and relevant specifications are carefully followed during construction, there will generally be no difficult problems in the construction process, or these difficult problems will not be reflected in the construction. In most cases, the difficult problems of the project occur in the debugging stage, or even after a period of use. Since it is a difficult problem, it is very difficult to solve it. It is often checked for a long time with great effort, but it always still exists; sometimes the problem disappears inexplicably, and then it happens again at some point, which makes people very headache. I believe that everyone who works in audio engineering technology will have different degrees of experience. However, although these difficult problems are manifested in various forms, as long as there is no error in the design, it can be said that there is only one root cause, that is, the omission of the construction link. Therefore, even if it is a difficult problem, it can still be solved. The following are some common typical difficult problems.

(1) The equipment casing is charged. Since all equipment in audio engineering must use electricity to work, the first problem you may encounter during debugging is that the casing of some equipment is charged. Although the charging of the casing may not necessarily affect the use of the equipment, it will endanger the safety of the user and must be resolved thoroughly.

(2) The volume of the sound system is insufficient. During engineering commissioning, it is often encountered that the volume of the sound system is always small and does not meet the design sound pressure level requirements. This indicates that there is a problem with the installation and setting of the equipment.

(3) Although resonance and feedback in the sound field have been carefully considered during design and construction, there are inevitably some incomplete and unpredictable aspects. The occurrence of this problem will definitely affect normal use and should be eliminated.

(4) Interference noise is often encountered in audio engineering, and the causes are also different. It is usually very difficult to solve. However, as long as you analyze it carefully, find the cause from the construction of the system, and analyze it step by step, the problem can always be solved.

(5) Lighting out of control In sound engineering, sometimes the lights move uncoordinated, are not controlled by the controller, and occasionally erroneous movements occur. Although sometimes a slight loss of control will not bring a big impact, if the problem is not solved for a long time, the fault may further expand. At the same time, erroneous operation of lights is intolerable in performance projects.

(6) Computer light bulbs are often damaged. Although it is normal for bulbs to be damaged, it is not normal if they are damaged after a short period of use. Computer light bulbs are generally expensive, and frequent replacement will increase expenses. The life of a good quality computer light bulb should generally be more than 750 hours. If it is not strong and durable and is damaged due to operating errors, it should be checked if the usage time is lower than this requirement.

(7) Abnormal video image. The video transmission distance of professional audio engineering is generally long. Usually the signal needs to be processed and distributed before it can be given to multiple display devices. There are also many links in the middle. The video image quality may be poor due to various reasons, affecting the viewing effect, so it should be processed.

(8) The sound of wireless microphones is unstable. Most sound projects are now equipped with wireless microphones. However, due to improper installation and debugging, a considerable number of them are in poor condition. Especially at live performances, the working condition of wireless microphones will directly affect the quality of the performance. Therefore, this is a problem that cannot be ignored.