In computers, for ease of management, the execution process of an instruction is often divided into several stages, and each stage completes a task. For example, fetching instructions, memory reading, memory writing, etc., each of these tasks is called a basic operation. The time required to complete a basic operation is called a machine cycle. Generally speaking, a machine cycle consists of several S cycles (state cycles). A machine cycle of the 8051 series microcontroller consists of 6 S cycles (state cycles). As mentioned earlier, a clock cycle is defined as a beat (represented by P), and two beats are defined as a state cycle (represented by S). The machine cycle of the 8051 microcontroller consists of 6 state cycles, that is, one machine cycle = 6 state cycles = 12 clock cycles. See the timing diagram below.
Picture 1
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