ARM microprocessor supports 7 operating modes, namely:
─ User mode (usr): The normal program execution state of the ARM processor
─ Fast interrupt mode (fiq): used for high-speed data transmission or channel processing
─ External interrupt mode (irq): used for general interrupt processing
─ Management mode (svc): The protection mode used by the operating system
─ Data access termination mode (abt): This mode is entered when data or instruction prefetching is terminated and can be used for virtual storage and storage protection.
─ System mode (sys): Runs privileged operating system tasks.
─ Undefined instruction abort mode (und): This mode is entered when an undefined instruction is executed and can be used to support software emulation of hardware coprocessors.
The operating mode of the ARM microprocessor can be changed by software or by external interrupt or exception handling. Most applications run in user mode. When the processor runs in user mode, certain protected system resources cannot be accessed.
Except for the user mode, all the other six modes are called non-user modes, or privileged modes (Privileged Modes); among them, the five modes except the user mode and system mode are called exception modes (Exception Modes), which are often used to handle interrupts or exceptions, and to access protected system resources.
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