Due to the recent boom in new energy, many enterprises and institutions have turned their attention to this emerging energy, including nuclear energy, wind energy, solar energy, etc. In addition to many manufacturers actively investing in this part of the product, various institutions that evaluate and test products have also begun to revise many new testing standards. How to test and evaluate the electrical performance of each link of solar cells and panels. When the various electrical properties of solar cells and panels are stimulated by power supply or electronic load, a test instrument that can display its electrical parameters and record the trend of related electrical characteristics is needed. Since solar cells and panels are widely used, in addition to related tests in the laboratory, various test instruments that are easy to carry and easy to operate are also needed.

1. Test of measuring the internal resistance and voltage of solar cells and panels.

 Through the high-speed, high-precision and stable measurement of the battery internal resistance tester (AC microresistance meter 3560, 3561), it can meet the measurement of small voltage changes during battery aging test.
　　
2. Test of the contact points of the battery panel.

 The battery panel is composed of small pieces of battery panels connected. At this time, the resistance value of the battery and battery connection node needs to be tested. We can provide 3541 DC microresistance meter for testing.

3. The charging and discharging amount and power of the solar cell DC large current

 can be obtained by setting the accumulation time and setting the power meter rectification mode to DC for accumulation. Our AC/DC single-phase power meter 3334 and 3334-01 can perform this measurement.

For example, for a car powered by solar cells, the amount of electricity that the solar cells on the car can convert affects how long a car can run, so testing the charging and discharging amount and power is very critical.



4. Evaluating the energy efficiency of power conditioners for solar power generation



Power conditioner → device that converts DC to AC*
* Photovoltaic system – Power conditioner – Energy efficiency measurement steps
Photovoltaic system measures the energy

efficiency efficiency = output/input
According to the figure above, the following electrical parameters can be directly viewed through the power analyzer 3390 (4 channels):
Primary (DC)
● Voltage, current, power, pulsation rate (only JIS)
Secondary = Output (50/60Hz or DC)
● Voltage, current, power, power factor, distortion rate, pulsation rate (for DC output, only JIS)
● Overall evaluation of primary and secondary
● Efficiency, loss

In addition to viewing the electrical parameters, it is also necessary to view the instantaneous waveform changes at the output of the regulator to make characteristic judgments. This is mainly to check whether there are any abnormal conditions at the moment. According to viewing the waveform recorded by high-speed sampling, the situation at the time can be more intuitively reflected, so the sampling speed needs to be higher than the general 10ms sampling. Therefore, at this time, a multi-channel and high-speed sampling storage recorder is needed to record the instantaneous changes in voltage, current, and temperature. 8870-21 is more portable. With the battery, it is more suitable for simple troubleshooting on site. 8860-51 is more suitable for laboratories and other sites.

8870-21 portable storage recorder
● Handheld, simple operation
● Directly measure 2 analog signals (such as voltage or current) at the same time
● High-speed sampling

8860-51 storage recorder
● High-speed sampling
● Multi-channel simultaneous recording, rich module functions

5. Temperature is related to the electrical characteristics of solar cells and panels.

Temperature has a great impact on solar cells and panels, and will directly affect the output power of the battery or panel. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the reference battery while measuring the temperature. The reference battery is used to calibrate the light source efficiency applied by the solar cell or panel. 84300-21 is more portable. With the battery, it is more suitable for simple troubleshooting on site. 8430 is more suitable for laboratories and other sites.



8423 Storage Data Recorder
● High speed → fastest 10ms cycle
● Multi-channel → up to 600 channels (all channels at the same time 10ms/S)
● High withstand voltage, good insulation, good anti-interference
● Rich modules → temperature/voltage unit 8948; general unit 8949; digital/pulse unit 8996; alarm unit 8997

8430 Handheld Data Recorder
● Handheld, easy to operate
● 10 channels, 10ms (all channels use the sampling rate up to 10ms)
● High-definition display, record data while monitoring trend charts on the machine

6. Insulation withstand voltage test of solar cells

In the DC voltage withstand voltage test, the current value that meets the requirements of the electrical safety inspection according to the PV coefficient can be set.
The output terminal of the short-circuited solar cell module is connected to the positive pole of the DC insulation tester. Connect the exposed metal part of the module to the negative pole of the tester.
● Insulation withstand voltage tester 3153, can be tested directly in the laboratory
● Insulation resistance meter 3455-20, portable insulation tester, can measure TΩ level products
● Super insulation meter SM, DSM series, can be used to test solar cell thin film, photoelectric conversion rate evaluation, test level can reach 10 to the 16th power Ω

7. Evaluate the power generation quality of solar cells and panels

Regardless of the energy situation, the power quality of the electricity sent needs to be checked. This includes voltage, current, frequency deviation and harmonics, etc. Of course, solar cells and panels also need to check the power quality in this regard, which can be monitored through the relevant power quality analyzer.
The 3197 and 3196 power quality analyzers can be used to check the relevant power quality and the situation of the power flowing back from the equipment to the power grid.


Appendix: Wind power generation data

Wind power generation related introduction
1. Regarding wind power generation, the current domestic production is generally 1.5MW-2MW.
2. The general process of wind power generation, wind blades————gear machine————generator---------inverter------690V/50Hz (grid), the generator and inverter parts need to be tested.
3. Mainly measure the current, voltage and power of the wind turbine generator and inverter.

Products and advantages that HIOKI can provide
A. 3390 power analyzer
1. There are many external interface methods and diversified storage modes.
2. Good portability, and 4 units can be used in series. It can meet the requirements of testing the rotor and stator at the same time, and 2 3390 units are needed to be used in series.
3. The dynamic characteristics of the motor, customers are more concerned about the current situation
4. Equipped with corresponding sensors, torque and speed can be tested at the same time.
5. The maximum input voltage can reach 1500V.
6. Wide-band measurement of AC/DC, which can meet the measurement needs of the generator and the measurement of the inverter at the same time.
7. Harmonic measurement up to 100th.
8. 500kS/s sampling rate, if used with a recorder, it can record voltage and current waveforms.