Design and application of smart grid based on RFID

1. Introduction

Smart grid is the intelligence of power grid. It is based on integrated, high-speed two-way communication network. Through the application of advanced sensing and measurement technology, equipment technology, control method and decision support system technology, it realizes the goal of reliable, safe, economical, efficient, environmentally friendly and safe use of power grid. In view of the weak recovery ability of the current power grid system after damage and the problem of effective work of on-the-job personnel supervision, this paper proposes a smart grid design scheme based on RFID.

2. RFID working principle

RFID, also known as electronic tag, has developed rapidly since the 1990s. It uses wireless radio frequency to conduct non-contact two-way communication to identify targets and exchange data. Compared with traditional magnetic cards and IC cards, its biggest feature is that it is non-contact, does not require human intervention, is suitable for realizing the intelligence of the system, is quick and convenient to operate, and is not easy to damage.

3. Composition of RFID radio frequency identification system

(1) RFID electronic tags are composed of coupling elements and chips. Each tag has a unique electronic code and is attached to an object to identify the target object.

(2) Reader/writer: a device that reads tag information and can be divided into handheld and fixed types.

(3) Antenna: It is used to transmit radio frequency signals between the tag and the reader. On the one hand, it provides energy to the electronic tag, and on the other hand, it receives information sent by the electronic tag and can also transmit information to the electronic tag.

The schematic diagram of the radio frequency identification system is shown in Figure 1:

Figure 1 RFID system structure

Compared with traditional barcodes, RFID electronic tags have significant advantages:

1) Easy to operate, long transmission distance, and can realize the identification of moving targets;

2) Long service life and can work in harsh environments;

3) Label content can be changed dynamically;

4) Can process multiple tags at the same time;

5) The signal has strong penetration ability, small data transmission volume, strong anti-interference ability, sensitive induction, easy maintenance and operation;

4. Realization of the electric power grid

4.1 System Architecture

The Internet of Things includes three levels: perception layer, network layer, and application layer. The smart grid designed based on the composition of the Internet of Things consists of perception layer, analysis layer, data layer, and application layer.

(1) Perception layer. Data collection and perception are mainly used to collect data on power materials and equipment. In the power Internet of Things, the State Grid Corporation of China identifies information resource data such as power materials, equipment, and assets into an RFID electronic tag. Such as material classification code, equipment classification code, function location code, etc.

(2) Analysis layer: PDA unified middleware technology is used to analyze and transmit information at the perception layer without obstacles, with high reliability and high security.

(3) Application layer. It mainly includes the application support platform sublayer and the application service sublayer. Among them, the support platform is mainly the SG-ERP platform. The application services mainly include power material procurement management, equipment inspection and maintenance management, fixed asset management, and asset life cycle management based on this.

(4) Data layer. To be precise, the data layer does not belong to a specific level of IoT technology, but uses PDA security technology to parse data to the data center.

The system structure diagram of the smart grid designed based on the above architecture is shown in Figure 2, in which the power equipment, inspection personnel and the electronic tags covered on them belong to the perception layer, the PDA handheld computing device belongs to the analysis layer, and the client PC and server correspond to the application layer and data layer of the system.

Figure 2 RFID-based smart grid system structure

4.2 Main functions of the system

(1) Monitoring of equipment operating environment and status. Installing RFID electronic tags on power transmission, transformation, and distribution equipment can replace manual inspection to collect equipment environment and status information, thereby improving inspection efficiency.

(2) Equipment manufacturer tracing: By reading the RFID tag of the faulty equipment, its manufacturer can be traced and the installation location of the equipment from the same batch of manufacturers can be obtained, which can prevent equipment failures and facilitate equipment status maintenance.

(3) Inspection personnel are on site for supervision. Each inspection personnel is assigned an RFID electronic tag, through which the inspection route of the inspection personnel can be tracked in real time, effectively avoiding missed inspections, improving the work quality of the inspection personnel, and effectively holding the relevant personnel accountable when an accident occurs.

(4) Provide standardized operation guidance function. The RFID electronic tag stores the general technical specifications and standard operation instructions of the power industry, making it convenient for on-site inspection personnel to view and record relevant power equipment information.

5 Conclusion

Although RFID has just started in China, its huge potential is obvious to all. With the development of RFID technology, its application in smart grid will become more and more in-depth. Its advantages in data collection and processing and dynamic control capabilities will have a profound and positive impact on the development of power grids and comprehensively promote the development of the power industry.