Understand in one article: The great changes of automotive gateways under the trend of "new four modernizations"!
Latest update time：2021-09-03 03:10
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The rapid advancement of the "four new trends" of automobiles (electrification, intelligence, networking, and sharing) is a major boon to the semiconductor industry. More and more electronic systems contribute nearly 90% of innovation and new functions to the automotive industry. From the perspective of industry scale, the global automotive semiconductor market had sales of US$41.013 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach US$65.1 billion in 2022, making it the fastest growing industry in the semiconductor segment.
With the application of intelligent and electrified technologies, connected cars and autonomous driving have become the biggest selling points that attract consumers in the market. For car companies, their research and development focus on vehicle architecture is gradually shifting from platform-based, modular, and lightweight physical architecture to electrical architecture innovation with domain integration and software and hardware decoupling.
Changes in automotive electrical and electronic architecture
New technologies and new trends also bring new problems:
Internet of Things and autonomous driving will inevitably generate massive amounts of data, and vehicles need to process and communicate this data securely and reliably between domains with extremely low latency, which is a huge test for the bandwidth and processing power within the vehicle.
The technological progress of traditional fuel vehicles is mainly based on mechanical components, and the electronic system is relatively simple. Most of them adopt the ECU (electronic controller) distributed electronic and electrical (Electrical/Electronic Architecture, EEA) architecture. Each ECU with embedded software corresponds to one function or a few functions, connected through bus technologies such as CAN and FlexRay, and the system is relatively closed. It is also worth mentioning that the distributed architecture has basically reached its processing limit at the L2 level of autonomous driving, and the L3 level is beyond its tolerance.
Figure 1: The progressive electrical and electronic architecture proposed by Bosch (Source: Bosch)
For this reason, players in the automotive industry have begun to consider a new electronic and electrical architecture that can adapt to the "four modernizations" of future automobiles. For example, Bosch has proposed a classic six-stage automotive electronic and electrical architecture evolution roadmap. As can be seen in
Figure 1
, the concept of "domain" is becoming a reality in automotive electronic and electrical architecture.
The emerging vehicle gateway
In order to solve the massive communication needs between various "domains", vehicle gateways have begun to come to the fore.
Figure 2: Current mainstream heterogeneous vehicle network architecture and the functions of the vehicle gateway (Source: NXP)
Vehicles with gateways are an emerging trend in the automotive industry. Gateways are electronic devices that enable secure and reliable communication between the vehicle's electronic systems. In essence, the in-vehicle gateway acts as a router and central computing unit between the vehicle's network domains (infotainment, camera systems, powertrain, etc.).
As the data exchange center of the vehicle network, on the one hand, the vehicle gateway provides seamless communication between heterogeneous vehicle networks (CAN, LIN, MOST, FlexRay, etc.) and solves the challenges of data bandwidth and security; on the other hand, the independent gateway controller makes it possible to optimize the design of the vehicle EEA, making the topology of the whole vehicle more scalable, and the security and confidentiality of the vehicle's network data will also be enhanced. In addition, the gateway is crucial to the realization of autonomous driving. It can complete the secure connection and high-bandwidth communication of ECUs across functional domains. Finally, the vehicle gateway can also bring us many refreshing features, such as making remote OTA updates possible.
According to market research data released by 360 Market Updates, the global automotive central gateway module market size was US$1.5349 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach US$1.7294 billion by the end of 2026, with a compound annual growth rate of 1.7% from 2021 to 2026.
Several major players in vehicle gateways have begun to exert their strength
In fact, there have been almost no major changes in automotive gateway chips for a long time in the past, but since 2020, many chip manufacturers have successively launched new solutions for automotive gateways.
1
In January this year,
Cypress Semiconductor (Cypress)
launched the new S32G vehicle network processor, which for the first time integrates a traditional microcontroller (MCU) with a high-performance microprocessor (MPU) with ASIL D functional safety on a single chip, and integrates a network communication accelerator, which significantly improves the performance compared to previous single-function chips. As a
new product in
the S32 processor series
, the S32G processor can help the automotive industry move to a high-performance, domain-based vehicle architecture, reduce software complexity, and improve encryption security and functional safety. At the same time, S32G is not just a network processor. Its unique combination of functions also supports new ADAS applications and provides safe and reliable communication functions. In fact, as early as 2017,
Cypress
released a new control and computing platform for connected cars, electric vehicles and self-driving cars to the industry-the S32 automotive electronics platform. It is reported that 8 of the 15 top automakers have begun to use the S32 platform to develop new products.
2
In January 2020, TI launched the new
Jacinto 7
processor platform, on which the DRA829V processor can be used in gateway systems.
3
In March 2020, ST released a modular Smart Gateway Platform (SGP) based on Gigabit Ethernet communication between the safety and ASIL-B Telemaco3P MPU and ASIL-D SPC58/Chorus MCU, providing a valuable development tool for prototyping automotive smart gateway and domain controller applications.
Bosch's gateway development roadmap has evolved from simple CAN/LIN gateways to secure CAN/LIN gateways, to Ethernet gateways, to networks+FOTA gateways, and finally to automotive computers. The
current flagship T-BOX in-vehicle communication terminal is a gateway for information exchange inside and outside the vehicle. It can communicate seamlessly with the ECU and has data preprocessing and edge computing capabilities.
Of course, in addition to using secure gateway chips, gateway vendors also need to develop and integrate more security components.
In short, the composition and function of the automotive gateway are closely related to the development of the automotive network architecture. Due to the "cautious" nature of the automotive industry, the current automotive network architecture is not developing very fast, but changes are already underway! In the short and medium term, the network architecture dominated by domain controllers will still be the mainstream. In this architecture, a powerful automotive gateway is a must, which is perhaps why so many big companies in the semiconductor industry have invested in it.
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