The U.S. Navy has developed a new technology that turns seawater into fuel

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Tencent Science News (Luo Ji/Translation) According to foreign media reports, recently, researchers from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) tested a new type of power, whose basic goal is to use seawater to make fuel. The principle of using seawater is relatively simple. The first step is the redox reaction, so that two useful gases, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, can be obtained; the second step is to use hydrogen and carbon dioxide to form liquid hydrocarbons through an iron-based catalyst. This time may be relatively long, and the catalytic reaction can form long-chain hydrocarbon substances.

The alkane produced by this step is obviously a clean energy source. The final product we get is a liquid hydrocarbon with 9 to 16 carbon atoms in the carbon chain, which means that this scheme can be improved to replace most of the world's jet engine fuels. Therefore, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has shown us a new model for future energy. This study at least proves that we can use seawater to obtain reactants related to hydrocarbon fuels. A key in this study is the catalyst, which uses a technology similar to FT synthesis to produce unsaturated hydrocarbons with shorter carbon chains. After carbon dioxide and hydrogen enter the reaction, about 30% of methane can be produced, and the rest are short-chain hydrocarbons, which can be used to replace traditional petroleum fuels.

Currently, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has used the "fuel" produced by this reaction to test on an aircraft. It is worth mentioning that current engines do not need to be modified to use such fuel. The same is true for aircraft. It can easily establish a universal channel between petroleum fuels and new fuels, which also means that seawater will become a rich strategic resource.

A traditional military jet fuel costs up to $3 per gallon to run, but researchers predict that the new process will produce fuel at up to $6 per gallon. Obviously, it is unlikely to replace fossil fuels as the main energy source anytime soon, but this technology will most likely become one of the energy sources for future ships. This means that ships sailing on the sea can process seawater to obtain energy, fundamentally changing the strategic importance of several US military bases.

Does this so-called new technology of "turning seawater into fuel oil" violate the law of conservation of energy? What is its significance?

Tencent Science Note: Obtaining hydrogen and carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide dissolved in water) from seawater, as well as the subsequent synthesis process, requires energy consumption. According to the law of conservation of energy, the energy contained in the new synthetic fuel will not exceed the energy consumed. Due to energy loss in the production process, the energy contained in the new synthetic fuel must be less than the energy consumed. This technology of making fuel from seawater is still quite meaningful to the navy, because for nuclear-powered ships, energy is not a problem. With this new technology that converts electrical energy into fuel, it can be used for carrier-based aircraft, greatly increasing the self-sustaining power of ocean-going operations.

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