Analysis of the key breakthrough points in the development of the smart car industry chain in 2020 [Attached 30 pages PDF]

Latest update time：2021-08-30 19:17

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Source: Orient Securities

introduction:

Smart car industry chain Compared with traditional cars, smart connected cars have undergone major changes and improvements in multiple systems, including smart driving assistance systems, smart cockpit systems, car safety systems, smart lighting systems, thermal management systems and other systems.

ADAS system and smart cockpit are the core components. The main breakthrough of the automotive industry is the vehicle terminal and software system With the continuous development of intelligent networking, vehicle manufacturers are increasingly choosing to configure vehicle networking vehicle terminal equipment in vehicle manufacturing to enhance the attractiveness of their products to consumers.

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Composition of Intelligent Driving Assistance System

It mainly includes three core parts: perception layer, decision-making layer and execution layer.

The main sensors of the perception layer include on-board cameras, millimeter-wave radars, ultrasonic radars, lidars, intelligent lighting systems, etc. The vehicle's own motion information is mainly obtained through speed sensors, angle sensors, inertial navigation systems and other components on the vehicle body.

The decision-making layer performs calculations and analysis based on the information obtained from the perception layer of the intelligent driving car through a certain model, and makes corresponding decisions and judgments for different situations, thereby replacing the judgment of human drivers. The core of the decision-making layer is algorithms and chips.

The execution layer mainly includes three parts: intelligent drive, intelligent steering and intelligent braking. In the intelligent drive system, the motor system provides power and the electronic control system realizes control. The intelligent steering system mainly includes EPS electronic assisted steering system, SRW wire control steering system and AIFS active front wheel independent steering system. The basic components of intelligent braking include sensors, electronic control units, electronic vacuum pumps, etc. The system-level components include ESP body stability system, IBS intelligent braking system and other systems.

The smart cockpit is mainly composed of full LCD instruments, large-screen central control system, in-vehicle infotainment system, head-up display system, streaming media rearview mirror, etc. The core component is the domain controller.

In smart cars, traditional seat belts and airbags are further intelligentized. Smart airbags can adjust the opening time and intensity according to the collision situation and occupant conditions to achieve the best protection. Driver detection systems and tire pressure detection systems are also gradually becoming standard features of smart cars, which are implemented through on-board cameras and TPMS components.

Intelligent lighting systems include active turning lighting, cornering light lighting, car night vision systems, etc. Through these intelligent lighting systems, drivers can effectively expand their field of vision, improve their recognition of vehicles and pedestrians on the road, and improve driving safety.

Compared with traditional automotive thermal management systems, intelligent networked new energy vehicles have added battery thermal management and motor electronic control cooling systems, and also put forward higher performance requirements for automotive air conditioning systems. The thermal management system has become an important part of intelligent networked new energy vehicles.

Other intelligent connected vehicle systems include keyless entry/start systems, vehicle remote control systems, etc.

ADAS system: a breakthrough for domestic enterprises

Core points of ADAS industry chain: chips, algorithms, intelligent steering, braking, radar

The chips and algorithms in the decision-making layer of the ADAS industry chain, and the intelligent steering, intelligent braking and electronic control systems in the execution layer are the parts with higher technical content in the current intelligent driving system.

The research and development of intelligent driving chips requires a lot of capital investment, talent support, and experience accumulation. Products include various types such as ECU, DCU, AI chips, etc., gradually shifting from special-purpose to general-purpose, and industry technology continues to change.

Intelligent driving algorithm solutions are the core of realizing various ADAS functions. Currently common ADAS functions include ACC adaptive cruise control, LKA lane keeping, LCA lane change assist, etc. Different functions require corresponding algorithm support and are highly complex.

Intelligent steering systems have now developed into EPS, SBW, AIFS, etc., and the technology is basically monopolized by leading suppliers. Intelligent braking technology continues to change, and products include sensors, electronic control units, electronic vacuum pumps, ABS, ESP, AEB, IBS, ISA and other categories. The core components of the electronic control system are semiconductor components such as IGBT, power IC, power separator, etc., which have high technical content.

Millimeter-wave radar and laser radar have high technical content. The technical content of vehicle-mounted cameras, ultrasonic radars, and motor products at the execution layer is relatively low. In the field of vehicle-mounted cameras, COMS image sensors have lower pixel requirements than consumer electronics products, and the technical difficulty of lens group and module assembly is relatively low. Ultrasonic radar is a relatively common sensor with a relatively low technical threshold.

Analyzing the breakthroughs of domestic enterprises in the industrial chain from the perspective of competition

Based on the stability of the competitive landscape and the height of the entry threshold, the components of intelligent driving assistance can be divided into three categories.

The first category is the field of intelligent braking and intelligent steering, where the competition landscape is relatively stable and the entry threshold is relatively high.

The second category is components where the competition landscape is not yet stable but the entry threshold is high, mainly including chips and algorithms at the decision-making layer, and lidar and millimeter-wave radar at the perception layer.

The third category is the components with low entry barriers but unstable competition pattern, mainly including the execution layer motor and electronic control and the perception layer vehicle camera. In different categories of components, domestic suppliers face different development opportunities.

In the field of intelligent steering and intelligent braking systems at the executive level , the domestic and foreign markets are basically monopolized by international leading companies, and the overall pattern is relatively stable; and because steering and braking system products require long-term R&D investment and technology accumulation, the entry threshold is relatively high. Domestic suppliers are expected to gain a certain market share by taking some subdivided products as a breakthrough.

In the field of intelligent steering systems , including EPS, SRW and other product areas, foreign suppliers including ZF, JTEKT, Bosch, TRW and other companies have mature and advanced technologies, and the market is in an oligopolistic state. Domestic companies such as Zhongdel Co., Ltd. and Beite Technology produce some components of the steering system, but have not made breakthroughs in the field of system-level products.

In the field of intelligent braking systems , foreign suppliers including ZF, Continental and Bosch occupy major domestic and foreign markets. In the subdivided products, domestic companies have made certain progress in the fields of ABS, IBS, ESP and other products. Domestic companies such as Huayu Automotive and Top Group are promoting the development of IBS products, and ESP products of companies such as Bethel have been put into mass production.

In the field of decision-making chips, there are overseas companies such as Nvidia, Intel (acquired Mobileye), Qualcomm, NXP, Renesas Electronics, Texas Instruments, Infineon, ON Semiconductor, etc., as well as domestic companies such as Huawei HiSilicon, Cambrian, and Horizon. Since smart driving involves many types of chips, different suppliers excel in different fields, and the smart driving technology routes of various manufacturers are also different, the current market structure is not stable and the market share is relatively dispersed. From the perspective of the global market, NXP, which has the largest share, only accounts for 14%.

In the field of decision-making algorithms, major domestic and foreign players include leading auto parts companies such as Bosch, Continental, and Aptiv, Internet technology companies such as Google, Microsoft, and Baidu, vehicle manufacturers such as Tesla, and smart driving startups. The industry as a whole is in its infancy, so the overall competitive landscape is not stable.

Since both chips and algorithms are technically difficult, the market is mainly a competition among leading companies. In the case of an uncertain competition landscape, domestic technology leading companies have greater development opportunities in this field, including Huawei, Cambrian, Horizon Robotics in the chip field, and BAT in the algorithm field.

At present, millimeter-wave radar is in the early stage of development as a whole, and both domestic and foreign parts suppliers have made arrangements. From the perspective of global market share in 2018, the top five suppliers are Bosch, Continental, Hella, Fujitsu Ten, and Denso, but no company has a market share of more than 20%. At the same time, companies including Delphi, Autoliv, Valeo, TRW, etc. are also important millimeter-wave radar suppliers. The market competition pattern may still undergo major changes in the future.

Among domestic suppliers, Desay SV and HUAYU Automotive have achieved mass production of short-range 24GHz millimeter-wave radars, and 77GHz millimeter-wave radars are also progressing steadily. They will gradually expand their market share by relying on product cost-effectiveness and service capabilities, and then expand into the high-frequency millimeter-wave radar market.

At present, LiDAR is still in its infancy, and intelligent connected vehicles have not yet been widely adopted, and the competition landscape is still unstable. Major foreign LiDAR companies include Velodyne, Ibeo, Quanergy, Innoviz and LeddarTech, while major domestic LiDAR companies include Hesai Technology, Beike Tianhui, RoboSense, Benewake Photonics and Leishen Intelligent Technology.

Currently, only the scanning laser radar ScaLa produced by Valeo and Ibeo has achieved mass production. Domestic companies have actively deployed in the field of solid-state laser radar and have developed a large number of products, some of which have leading technical performance in the world. As laser radar continues to develop towards solid-state, domestic laser radar companies have great development opportunities.

Judging from the global market share of automotive cameras, the overall competition landscape is still relatively fragmented. Except for Panasonic, which has a market share of around 20%, the market shares of other major suppliers are between 8% and 11%, and no supplier with a clear advantage has emerged.

As the overall technical threshold for vehicle-mounted cameras is relatively low, domestic suppliers have great development opportunities. Domestic suppliers mainly include Tongzhi Electronics, Shenzhen Haowen, Xiamen Huichuang, Suzhou Zhihua, etc., which have already supplied rear-view and surround-view cameras in batches.

Auto parts suppliers including Desay SV and HUAYU Automotive and optical lens suppliers including Sunny Optical and O-Film have also begun to enter the automotive camera field. With cost advantages and service response speed advantages, the share of domestic suppliers is expected to gradually increase in the future.

Analysis of companies that have already deployed ADAS

Domestic companies have already gradually launched products in various parts of the intelligent driving assistance system.

In the vehicle camera part of the perception layer, Desay SV invested in a fully automatic HD camera production line in 2017 and achieved mass production of HD cameras and surround view systems in China. HUAYU Automotive is actively developing its vehicle camera business, exploring the establishment of a full-function platform covering millimeter-wave radar, camera and data fusion, and promoting the development and application of products including 360-degree vehicle driving environment scanning systems.

Among other listed companies, Baolong Technology started mass production of vehicle cameras in 2019. Among listed companies in non-automotive industries, companies including Sunny Optical and O-Film have also deployed vehicle cameras. Among non-listed companies, Tongzhi Electronics, Shenzhen Haowen, Xiamen Huichuang, Suzhou Zhihua, etc. are currently the main suppliers of rear-view and surround-view cameras.

In the millimeter-wave radar part of the perception layer, Desay SV's 24GHZ millimeter-wave radar has received mass production orders, and the 77GHz millimeter-wave radar has reached mass production status. Huayu Automotive's 24GHZ rear-facing millimeter-wave radar has been supplied to customers such as SAIC Passenger Vehicle and SAIC Maxus; the 77GHz forward millimeter-wave radar used in buses has also passed national regulatory tests. Baolong Technology has steadily promoted the development of millimeter-wave radars.

As for the LiDAR part of the perception layer, there is still no listed company with launched products. In China, mainly start-up companies are engaged in the research and development of LiDAR, including RoboSense, Hesai Technology, Benewake Photonics, Beike Tianhui, LeiShen Intelligent, etc. However, there is no LiDAR product that has been mass-produced in China yet.

In the chip field at the decision-making level, the domestic companies currently mainly include Huawei, Cambrian, Horizon Robotics and other companies; in the algorithm field, companies such as Baidu, Tencent, Alibaba, and Huawei are working with vehicle manufacturers to develop intelligent driving algorithms.

In the field of intelligent drive at the executive level , domestic listed companies that can achieve mass production of motor and electronic control products include Dayang Motor, Zhenghai Magnetic Materials, Wolong Electric Drive, Tongda Power, Inbol, etc. Keboda has laid out product areas such as motor control systems and motor drive actuators.

In the field of intelligent steering at the executive level, the EPS electric power steering system of Bosch Huayu Steering, a joint venture of Huayu Automotive, occupies a large market share in China. Companies such as Del Group and Beite Technology can mass-produce EPS steering motors and other related components of intelligent steering systems.

In the field of intelligent braking at the executive level, Huizhong Automotive, a subsidiary of HUAYU Automotive, has successfully developed products such as Ebooster and obtained orders from BAIC New Energy and BYD Auto, and is expected to achieve mass production in the future. Top Group is also developing IBS intelligent braking systems. ABS, ESP and other products of companies such as Bethel have already achieved mass production.

Smart cockpit system: The domain controller is the core, and some companies have already laid out

Intelligent cockpit system composition

The smart cockpit is one of the main components of future smart connected vehicles. With the cockpit domain controller (DCU) as the core, it promotes the integration of multiple screens including LCD instrument panels, central control screens, streaming media rearview mirrors, head-up display systems and other components.

By integrating decentralized perception capabilities, the smart cockpit system has now developed to the stage of domain centralization. Under the cockpit domain controller as the core architecture, each component of the smart cockpit system realizes its own information provision and human-computer interaction functions.

From the perspective of the overall vehicle architecture, the cockpit domain controller (DCU) not only links traditional cockpit electronic components, but can also further integrate the intelligent assisted driving ADAS system and the vehicle network V2X system, allowing smart cars to further optimize and integrate intelligent driving, in-vehicle connectivity, infotainment and other functions.

The gap between domestic and foreign intelligent cockpit systems

Many parts suppliers at home and abroad are creating smart cockpit solutions and actively deploying in this field with great development potential in the future.

In recent years, Faurecia has created the "Intelligent Future Cockpit" solution and has made the smart cockpit the focus of the company's strategic transformation. In the Chinese market, models of automakers such as FAW Hongqi and Byton will be mass-produced. Continental proposed the future driving cockpit in 2017, and it can achieve integrated control with a domain controller.

Bosch showcased a new concept of smart cockpit at CES 2018, which uses cockpit domain controller technology. Visteon SmartCore cockpit domain controller technology is the current mainstream cockpit domain controller solution and has been applied by many vehicle manufacturers. In addition, parts suppliers including Valeo, ZF, Hyundai Mobis, Aptiv and others have successively launched their own smart cockpit solutions.

Domestic parts suppliers are also actively developing smart cockpit solutions. Yanfeng, a subsidiary of HUAYU Automotive, has created a comprehensive smart cockpit solution through cooperation with BOE, Goertek and other companies. Desay SV's smart cockpit is one of its core product lines.

At present, there is a big gap between China and foreign countries in the field of cockpit domain controllers. Foreign companies including Visteon, Bosch, Continental, Aptiv and other companies have mastered the core technology of domain controllers many years ago, and have achieved mass production on many customer models, with high product maturity. Among domestic companies, only a few companies such as Desay SV and Cuckoo Technology have cockpit domain controller development technology. If the domain controller cannot be used to upgrade the architecture of the smart cockpit system, there will be a generational gap in the system.

In other major system components besides the cockpit domain controller, including LCD instrument panels, central control screens, head-up display systems, streaming media rearview mirrors, etc., there is also a technological gap between domestic suppliers' products and those of foreign suppliers.

Competition landscape of domain controllers at home and abroad

The cockpit domain controller is the core of the future intelligent cockpit system. Currently, many domestic and foreign parts suppliers are making plans, but overall there are still few companies that can achieve mass production. The main foreign companies include Visteon, Bosch, Aptiv, Continental and Denso.

In terms of time, Visteon was the first supplier to launch a cockpit domain controller. Its SmartCore, which was exhibited at MWC in 2015, was also the world's first cockpit domain controller. After Visteon launched the cockpit domain controller, other suppliers also began to follow suit. In 2017, Bosch and Aptiv successively launched the AI Car Computer cockpit domain controller and the ICC cockpit domain controller. In 2019, Continental and Denso successively launched the Integrated Body Electronics Platform IIP and the Integrated HMI platform cockpit domain controller.

At present, the application of cockpit domain controllers in smart cars is still in its infancy, and the penetration rate will gradually increase in the future. According to the forecast of Zoss Research, the shipment volume of cockpit domain controllers will increase from about 300,000 sets in 2019 to 6.8 million sets in 2025, with an average annual growth rate of 68%. The penetration rate of cockpit domain controllers in passenger cars will also gradually increase from only 0.5% in 2019 to 9.1% in 2025.

Visteon's SmartCore solution integrates the instrument panel, central control screen and other cockpit electronics on a system-on-chip (SoC), which is of great significance to the intelligent and connected transformation of cockpit electronics. Visteon's SmartCore uses Qualcomm chips as the computing platform and has been applied to models of vehicle customers such as Mercedes-Benz, Geely, GAC, and Tata.

Bosch's AI Car Computer cockpit domain controller is based on Qualcomm's computing platform and has been mass-produced on GM and Ford models. Aptiv's ICC cockpit domain controller is based on Intel's computing platform. The ICC integrated architecture significantly reduces the cost of IVI systems and instrument clusters by integrating ECUs. It has been mass-produced on downstream vehicle customers such as Audi, Ferrari, Volvo, and Great Wall.

Continental's integrated body electronics platform IIP is based on Qualcomm/Renesas computing platform and will be put into mass production as early as 2021. The Integrated HMI platform jointly developed by Denso and BlackBerry is based on Intel computing platform and uses QNX virtualization technology to achieve comprehensive control of the vehicle's internal user interface and system. Denso's cockpit domain controller has begun mass production and is mainly used in some Toyota and Subaru models.

Domestic parts suppliers have also begun to gradually advance in the field of cockpit domain controllers. Desay SV's intelligent cockpit controller based on Qualcomm 820A was mass-produced in Ideal Auto in 2019. Among non-listed companies, Cuckoo Technology built the Auto Canbin cockpit domain controller based on NXP chips, and its downstream customers include four OEMs.

Overall, domestic suppliers are still in the initial stages of development in the cockpit domain controller field, and there is a large gap between them and foreign component giants in terms of technology accumulation, mass production applications, etc.

Analysis of competition landscape of other hardware products

The global LCD instrument panel market share is highly concentrated and is basically occupied by leading component companies. The top five suppliers have a combined market share of 80%, among which Continental, Aisin Seiki, Denso, Visteon and Bosch have market shares of 25%, 17%, 15%, 15% and 8% respectively.

In the domestic LCD instrument panel market, the market share is still mainly occupied by joint ventures of brands such as Continental and Visteon. Among local suppliers, companies represented by Desay SV have gradually obtained orders from independent brand vehicle manufacturers including Geely Automobile, Great Wall Motor, Chery Automobile, GAC Passenger Vehicle, BYD, etc., driving the increase of market share.

The penetration rate of head-up display systems in automobiles is still relatively low. International giant auto parts companies have made early arrangements. The global market is mainly occupied by auto parts giants such as Aisin Seiki, Continental, Denso, Visteon and Bosch, with market shares of 55%, 18%, 16%, 3% and 3% respectively, totaling 95%.

Due to the low maturity of domestic suppliers' products and the limited mass production applications, the main market share is still occupied by overseas suppliers such as Aisin Seiki and Continental. At present, many domestic parts suppliers have laid out their layout, including Huayang Group, Joyson Electronics, Fuyao Glass, Sunny Optical, etc. As domestic brand passenger cars gradually equip head-up display systems in the future, the related businesses of domestic suppliers are expected to usher in opportunities for rapid development.

Companies with smart cockpit layout: Desay SV, HUAYU Automotive, Joyson Electronics

Desay SV introduced the concept of smart cockpit in 2017, deployed domain controllers, and developed a human-machine interaction platform that can drive multiple screens and integrate multiple cameras at the same time. In June 2019, the company released the 3.0 version of the smart cockpit at CES in Shanghai, and its products continue to be updated.

The company's smart cockpit uses multi-modal human-computer interaction design to enhance the user's pleasure in the process of using the product. The product also supports mobile phone interconnection functions such as Apple, Google, and Baidu. Through the integration of T-box, it can connect to the cloud and support third-party apps. The company's smart cockpit has passed professional road tests and can provide users with the ultimate infotainment experience.

The company's product layout in the smart cockpit system mainly includes full LCD instrument panel products, multi-screen interactive products, display modules and systems, cockpit domain controllers, etc.

In recent years, Desay SV's smart cockpit products have continued to receive orders from downstream customers. Full LCD instrument panel customers include BYD, Geely Auto, Great Wall Motor, Chery Auto, GAC Passenger Vehicle and other vehicle manufacturers. The new multi-screen interactive smart cockpit project has received orders from CHJ Automotive, Changan Automobile and Skywell Auto, and will be mass-produced in 2019. Customers of display modules and systems with leading optical performance include FAW-Volkswagen, SAIC Volkswagen, Geely Auto and other vehicle manufacturers.

Desay SV's cockpit domain controller is developed based on Qualcomm's 820A chip, which can support the simultaneous control of multiple smart cockpit components. The four-screen interactive system product developed by the company for Ideal One is based on this cockpit domain controller. In the future, the company is expected to develop more smart cockpit products that integrate multiple devices based on the cockpit domain controller.

HUAYU Automotive is still in the layout stage in the field of smart cockpits, and its products are under development.

HUAYU Automotive relies on its subsidiary Yanfeng to develop intelligent cockpit systems. Yanfeng adopts a cross-border cooperation approach and cooperates with BOE, Goertek and other companies to jointly create intelligent cockpit system solutions. BOE has leading technical advantages in display products such as TFT-LCD modules, optical bonding and curved screens, and Goertek has a lot of technical accumulation in acoustic systems, intelligent interactions and intelligent sensors. HUAYU Automotive's intelligent cockpit will be centered on the cockpit domain controller, and its main components include display screens, intelligent switches, HMI interactions, cockpit acoustics, intelligent seats, safety systems and other components.

Joyson Electronics' smart cockpit system business is led by Preh, a subsidiary of the automotive electronics sector, which gradually develops the smart cockpit business based on the original HMI human-machine interaction business. The company's original HMI business mainly includes products such as driver control systems, air conditioning control systems and steering wheel controllers, and its downstream customers include Volkswagen, Audi, Ford, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, GM and other vehicle manufacturers.

Joyson Electronics' HMI business is gradually extending and transforming to the smart cockpit system. The company's smart cockpit system is mainly composed of touch screen technology, full LCD instrument, head-up display (HUD), in-vehicle infotainment, human-computer interaction, active safety and other products or systems, and has hardware systems, software systems and data services. At the same time, the company's smart cockpit system can work closely with the company's Internet of Vehicles system to provide users with a better human-computer interaction experience.

Joyson Electronics' intelligent cockpit electronic products have gradually received orders from downstream customers. The company's next-generation cockpit electronic products, including iDrive system, electronic gearshift, multimedia interactive touch screen, touch air conditioning system, etc., have begun to support the new generation of BMW, Audi and the new generation of Porsche Cayenne.

Intelligent connected industry chain

Intelligent connected vehicles, based on intelligent driving technology and vehicle networking technology, build a new model of automobile and transportation services, so as to achieve the goal of comprehensively improving the car driving experience and enhancing traffic efficiency.

Compared with traditional cars, the core difference of intelligent connected cars lies in intelligent driving assistance systems, intelligent cockpit systems and car networking systems. The ADAS system effectively liberates drivers and passengers from the constraints of driving and riding in cars, improves the safety, comfort and convenience of cars, and lowers the threshold for car use. The intelligent cockpit system transforms cars from ordinary travel tools into comprehensive application scenarios that integrate travel, life, and entertainment. Car networking technology places cars in the V2X network system to create a more efficient automobile transportation system.

Based on the intelligent connected car, the V2X vehicle networking system connects various terminals. On the ground, vehicles communicate with each other, vehicles with people, and vehicles with roadside equipment through V2V, V2P and V2I information. By acquiring the traffic environment information around the vehicle in real time, it is integrated with the perception information of the vehicle's own on-board sensors as the input of the vehicle's decision-making and control system.

Navigation satellites and other devices provide high-precision map navigation for intelligent connected vehicles. The cloud-based decision-making platform uses V2N connections to conduct global traffic planning for various ground traffic equipment, effectively coordinate ground traffic, and thus improve overall traffic efficiency. Content and service providers use TSP service integrators and then link with V2N to support content services for intelligent connected vehicles.

Through the construction of intelligent connected vehicles and Internet of Vehicles systems, the downstream of the industrial chain can further develop new industrial formats such as unmanned logistics and shared travel, thereby continuously expanding the development space of the entire intelligent connected vehicle system.

Smart car: ADAS system and smart cockpit are core components

Internet of Vehicles: The main breakthrough in the automotive industry is the vehicle terminal and software system

The core components of the Internet of Vehicles industry chain

The Internet of Vehicles is a new industry that uses the new generation of information and communication technologies to achieve all-round network connection between vehicles and X (vehicles, roads, people, clouds, etc.), improve the level of automobile intelligence, and change the original form of automobile transportation through networking, thereby comprehensively improving the driving experience and traffic operation efficiency. Among them, V2X is the core technology of the Internet of Vehicles.

The upstream of the Internet of Vehicles industry chain is hardware modules and software systems. Hardware modules mainly include communication chips, communication modules, computing processing components, high-precision positioning chips, etc. The midstream is roadside equipment and vehicle-mounted terminal equipment.

Roadside equipment is the core infrastructure for realizing vehicle-road collaboration in the Internet of Vehicles, including roadside RSU equipment, edge computing equipment, high-definition cameras, etc. On-board terminal equipment mainly includes control screens and smart car machines, V2X on-board modules, and on-board computing chips, etc. The downstream is mainly vehicle manufacturing and communication operations.

In the Internet of Vehicles industry chain, upstream and midstream hardware equipment and software systems are more important than downstream communication operations and vehicle manufacturing.

In the upstream of the Internet of Vehicles industry chain, hardware modules are basic components, and communication chips, communication modules, and computing processing components are the core components. The two core devices, communication equipment and computing processing components, are used in many other components in the Internet of Vehicles industry chain.

Communication chips and communication modules constitute communication equipment, which are needed in the midstream roadside RSU equipment, V2X roadside antennas, V2X vehicle-mounted equipment and other parts. Communication equipment involves key technologies such as LTE-V2X and 5G-V2X, and is currently the focus of competition among all parties. The computing processing component is centered on the chip and is applied to the edge computing equipment and vehicle-mounted computing chips on the roadside. In the upstream software system, the operating system and high-precision map are the core parts.

In the middle reaches of the Internet of Vehicles industry chain, among the on-board terminal devices, V2X on-board modules and on-board computing chips are core components. V2X on-board modules are devices for connected vehicles to communicate with other terminals, and their performance determines the communication efficiency of the overall vehicle network. On-board computing chips are the computing basis of Internet of Vehicles terminals. The development of high-performance chips needs to be based on the most advanced semiconductor technology currently available, which is basically monopolized by domestic and foreign semiconductor leaders.

Among the roadside equipment, the roadside RSU equipment and edge computing equipment are the core components. The roadside RSU equipment includes the V2X roadside antenna, which is the core equipment for realizing information communication with intelligent connected vehicles. Edge computing equipment will become an important part of data computing and processing in the future. Edge computing equipment integrates servers, storage devices, network devices, etc., and has high technical difficulty.

The breakthrough of the automotive industry in the Internet of Vehicles industry chain

In the upstream of the industry chain, the automotive industry mainly participates in the field of software systems, while the hardware modules are mainly occupied by the communications technology industry and the semiconductor industry. The qualifications for high-precision maps were originally mainly in the hands of a few map suppliers, but as companies in the automotive industry obtain map development qualifications through investment and cooperation, they have begun to get involved in this field.

Automotive companies have a great advantage in developing and promoting high-precision maps because they have abundant vehicle driving resources and data. It is expected that more companies will participate in this field in the future. In the field of application software, currently automotive parts companies and vehicle companies are developing automotive software based on customer or their own needs.

In the midstream of the industrial chain, the automotive industry mainly participates in the field of on-board terminal equipment. The central control screen was originally an important part of automotive parts. In the Internet of Vehicles, automotive parts suppliers promote the intelligence and networking of central control screens and car computers. Currently, there are many parts companies in the industry that develop and sell central control screens and intelligent car computers.

V2X vehicle-mounted modules are an important area for automotive industry companies to enter the Internet of Vehicles. Compared with traditional communication technology companies, automotive industry companies have more advantages in developing V2X vehicle-mounted modules based on their understanding of vehicle driving, communication, etc.

At present, some companies have completed the mass production of V2X vehicle modules. Computing chips are still mainly monopolized by semiconductor leaders, but automotive companies can develop Internet of Vehicles solutions based on purchased chips, thereby making full use of the rich accumulation of car-related data by automotive companies and improving the overall performance of the Internet of Vehicles system.

At the downstream of the industrial chain, the automotive industry involves vehicle manufacturing. With the continuous development of intelligent networking, vehicle manufacturers are increasingly choosing to configure vehicle networking on-board terminal equipment in vehicle manufacturing to increase the attractiveness of their products to consumers.

IoV layout of major automobile companies

Among the listed companies, companies including Desay SV, Joyson Electronics, Roadshow Technology, Huayang Group, Xingmin Zhitong, and Soling Holdings have product layouts in parts of the Internet of Vehicles industry chain such as in-vehicle terminal equipment and software systems.

In terms of product distribution, Desay SV has a wide range of products, with corresponding products in all major categories;

Joyson Electronics focuses on V2X modules and in-vehicle information systems; Luchang Technology and Soling Co., Ltd. mainly focus on T-box products, central control screens and car computers; Huayang Group focuses on central control screens, car computers, and in-vehicle entertainment information systems; Xingmin Zhitong mainly has T-box products and application software systems.

In the smart hardware terminal sector , Desay SV's products include smart car central control screens, V2X vehicle modules, T-box products, and V2X chip solutions. Desay SV's smart car machines aggregate multimedia such as online music, and the smart Internet connects parking, shopping, dining and other life scenarios. In addition, it also has functions such as online rescue and route planning.

Desay SV also develops LTE-V2X solutions for automakers based on Qualcomm 9150 C-V2X chips. Desay SV's new solution can support V2V scenarios (such as forward collision and intersection movement assistance), V2I scenarios (such as speed limit warning and signal phase and timing), and V2P scenarios (road user collision warning, etc.), effectively enhancing the capabilities of intelligent networking.

In the field of software systems , the company mainly develops in-vehicle entertainment information systems and application software. The company's in-vehicle entertainment information systems and software development mainly rely on intelligent vehicle central control screen products to provide customers with a variety of software information services.

In terms of intelligent car machine central control screen , the company's intelligent car machine built for FAW-Volkswagen in 2018 was officially launched, supporting FAW-Volkswagen Golf, Magotan and other models. The company's V2X vehicle module has currently been designated by international brand vehicle manufacturers and is expected to be mass-produced in 2020. The company's T-box products are currently in mass production on a number of international and domestic brand models including SAIC-GM.

Joyson Electronics acquired TS Doan of Germany in 2016 to enter the intelligent car networking business, reorganized TS into PCC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Preh of Germany, and established JPCC (Joyson Car Connectivity) in China in the same year, focusing on the domestic car networking business. PCC is the navigation system development partner of well-known vehicle manufacturers such as Volkswagen Group, and has deep technical accumulation in the field of car networking, especially V2X technology.

Joyson Electronics' main products in the field of connected vehicles include in-vehicle information systems and V2X vehicle-side products. At the same time, the company continues to advance in the fields of automotive communications, OTA air downloads and vehicle value-added services based on 5G technology.

The core of Joyson Electronics' in-vehicle information system products is software-based. The first category is the in-vehicle information system based on Google Android Auto. The company's second category of in-vehicle information system products is a new generation of in-vehicle infotainment system solutions based on a single chip (System On Chip) that supports dual operating systems. In the field of V2X products, Joyson Electronics is actively involved in the formulation of V2X industry standards based on 5G technology, and is currently an important member of the C-V2X standard formulation organization under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

The CNS 3.0 system car machine developed by the company for FAW-Volkswagen is based on a single chip and supports both Linux and Android systems. The CNS 3.0 system car machine supports remote monitoring and control of vehicle information, and also integrates online navigation, music, radio, voice control, smart travel and other life and entertainment services. The CNS 3.0 system car machine has been mass-produced on FAW-Volkswagen Magotan models.

Joyson Electronics' car networking products have received multiple orders. The in-vehicle information system based on Google Android Auto has received orders from Volkswagen and Audi, and will enter mass production in 2020. The new generation of in-vehicle infotainment system based on a single chip supporting dual operating systems has received orders from SAIC Volkswagen and FAW Volkswagen's MQB platform and the new electric platform MEB platform.

5G applications and Tesla's technological innovation will drive the rapid development of intelligent networking

The implementation of 5G has an important role in promoting the development of intelligent connected vehicles. As the latest generation of cellular mobile communication technology, 5G has been officially commercialized in 2020 after laboratory testing, field testing, scale testing, pre-commercialization, and large-scale deployment in recent years. Intelligent connected vehicles are one of the core application areas of 5G. With the official implementation of 5G commercialization, the development of intelligent connected vehicles has accelerated.

5G is of great significance for realizing a higher level of intelligent connected cars.

The development of intelligent driving and networking is closely linked. In the stage of partial autonomous driving, in order to realize functions such as autonomous driving within the lane and lane change assistance, networking needs to gradually develop to the stage of networked collaborative perception. In the stage of conditional autonomous driving and fully autonomous driving, especially to realize collaborative platoon driving and vehicle-road collaborative control, networking is necessary for collaborative decision-making and control.

At present, smart driving cars are mainly autonomous smart driving cars, which use on-board sensors to detect environmental information around the vehicle and make decisions independently. They are autonomous driving independent of other vehicles. To further develop into smart connected cars, they need to be fully integrated with the network function. 5G will further promote the networking of smart driving cars.

5G can already meet the technical requirements for higher levels of autonomous driving. For autonomous driving, the requirements for network communication transmission delay and transmission rate are gradually increasing.

L2 level and above autonomous driving requires a transmission delay of less than 100 milliseconds, while the current 4G-LTE network has a transmission delay of about 98 milliseconds, which is difficult to meet the needs of L2 level autonomous driving. The current 5G network has a transmission delay of 1 millisecond, which can meet the delay requirements of all levels of autonomous driving and provide a technical prerequisite for the development of intelligent networking.

On the other hand, for the V2X system of the Internet of Vehicles, 5G will promote the comprehensive upgrade of the LTE-V2X system to the 5G-V2X system. According to the plan of the National Development and Reform Commission, by 2020, the coverage rate of the vehicle wireless communication network (LTE-V2X) in major cities and highways in China will reach 90%, and the construction of the 5G-V2X system will be accelerated. With the official commercialization of 5G, the construction of 5G-V2X is expected to accelerate.

Tesla is currently one of the world's leading companies in smart connected vehicle technology, and its future expansion will drive the development of smart connectivity .

Tesla's intelligent connected car technology is first reflected in its automotive electronic and electrical architecture. When Tesla first developed electric vehicles, it began to gradually get rid of the distributed electronic and electrical architecture of traditional vehicles, minimize the number of ECUs used, and thus manage the electronic and electrical architecture of the vehicle in a unified manner. In the Model S, the number of Tesla's ECUs has dropped significantly compared to traditional fuel vehicles and ordinary new energy vehicles; according to statistics, the number of ECUs in traditional fuel vehicles of the same level is about 70, the ordinary new energy vehicle Nissan Leaf has about 30, and the Model S has only about 15.

The Model 3 electronic and electrical architecture is further centralized, and the architecture only includes three modules: CCM (central computing module), BCM LH (left body control module) and BCM RH (right body control module). CCM is responsible for the infotainment system, auxiliary driving system and in-vehicle and out-of-vehicle communication; BCM LH and BCM RH are responsible for the body, chassis, safety and power systems. Compared with the evolutionary route of automotive electronic and electrical architecture proposed by Bosch, Model 3 has directly reached the Vehicle Computer level, which is the most advanced automotive electronic and electrical architecture in the industry.

Based on a centralized electronic and electrical architecture, Tesla can upgrade the overall functions and performance of the car through OTA upgrades of the software system. By updating the in-vehicle software through OTA technology, functions such as AP, maps, and entertainment systems can be upgraded to continuously improve the user experience;

OTA upgrades can solve car failure problems encountered by Tesla users, thereby avoiding going to physical stores for repairs and effectively reducing usage costs. OTA upgrades have effectively increased Tesla's service added value and changed the value chain of traditional cars to a certain extent.

Among Tesla's smart driving hardware, the Autopilot kit includes 8 cameras, 12 ultrasonic sensors and an enhanced forward millimeter-wave radar. The computing chip is Tesla FSD, which is independently developed based on NVIDIA's chip. FSD adopts a dual-chip design and integrates core components such as CPU, GPU, and NPU, and is in an industry-leading position in terms of performance.

Tesla's technological advantages in intelligent networking have made its models best-sellers around the world and promoted continuous change in the automotive industry.

In the supply chain, Tesla's rapid development is expected to drive the rapid development of a series of components and systems including smart driving sensors, Internet of Vehicles equipment, and smart cockpit systems, and promote continuous transformation of component suppliers.

The rapid development of Tesla's intelligent connected cars has also forced traditional car companies to continue to change, shifting their long-term development focus to intelligent connected cars, while paying more attention to consumers' intelligent driving experience. Tesla's great success in the field of intelligent connected cars has attracted a large number of Internet technology giants to join, including Google, Microsoft, Baidu, etc., which is conducive to healthy competition in the industry and has inspired more startups to develop in the intelligent connected industry.

On the demand side, Tesla's models have changed consumers' traditional car consumption habits to a certain extent with their advanced intelligent networking functions. At present, consumers' demand for intelligent networking of cars is constantly increasing, further promoting the development of related industries.

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