Choosing the Right Inductor and Capacitor for DC-DC Converters Choosing the Right Inductor and Capacitor for DC/DC Converters As portable electronics continue to shrink in size, their complexity increases accordingly. This places design engineers at a greater risk of battery life, board space, heat dissipation, or power consumption. This article uses the Texas Instruments TPS6220x family of buck regulators as an example to show design engineers how to choose the right inductor and capacitor for a DC/DC converter when balancing solution footprint, performance, and cost. As mobile phones, PDAs, and other portable electronics continue to shrink in size, their complexity increases accordingly. This places design engineers at a greater risk of battery life, board space, heat dissipation, or power consumption. The primary reason for using a DC/DC converter is to improve efficiency. Many designs require converting battery voltage to a lower supply voltage, and while linear regulators can accomplish this conversion, they do not achieve the high efficiency of designs based on switching regulators. This article describes common issues that design engineers must address when balancing solution footprint, performance, and cost. Large Signal vs. Small Signal ResponseSwitching converters use very complex regulation methods to maintain high efficiency at heavy and light loads. Today\'s CPU core power supplies require regulators to provide fast and smooth large signal response. For example, when the processor switches from idle mode to full-speed operation, the current drawn by the core can quickly rise from tens of microamps to hundreds of milliamps. As load conditions change, the loop quickly responds to the new requirements to control the voltage within the regulation limits. The magnitude and rate of the load change determine whether the loop response is a large signal response or a small signal response. We can define small signal parameters in terms of the steady-state operating point. Therefore, we generally refer to changes below 10% of the steady-state operating point as small signal changes. In fact, the error amplifier is in the slew limit, and because the load transient occurs faster than the error amplifier can respond, the amplifier does not control the loop, so the output capacitor meets the transient current requirement before the inductor current reaches the requirement. The large signal response temporarily stops the loop from working. However, the loop must provide good response before entering and exiting the large signal response. The higher the loop bandwidth, the faster the load transient response. From a small signal perspective, although the voltage regulation loop...
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