At the same time, the industry believes that the best commercial application of gallium nitride is the fast-charging track for consumer electronics. In addition, its application in data centers is gradually beginning, but its application in electric vehicles is still in the development stage.
At the 2019 Tokyo Motor Show, Toyota Motors exhibited an all-GaN concept car developed jointly with other parties. It is reported that the car is equipped with a high-efficiency inverter using gallium nitride components, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by at least 20%.
With the development of electrification and intelligence, today's cars integrate more power systems than ever before. It is reported that GaN will open up new horizons in the field of new energy vehicles, with three main applications: on-board chargers, used to charge high-voltage batteries; DC/DC converters, which convert power from high-voltage batteries to other electronic devices in the car; traction drives or motor control, which can be used to drive motors. At present, the application of GaN in automobiles is mainly in scenarios such as in-cabin fast charging and LiDAR.
Major leading companies in the industry have already tried it!
In 2023, Innoscience developed the world's first gallium nitride chip for automotive lidar, moving from industrial-grade applications to automotive-grade applications. The chip has been mass-produced in the lidars of leading automakers and has successfully entered the terminal market.
GaN Systems has previously launched an 11kW/800V GaN on-board charger design that optimizes system size, power density, cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, thermal performance and carbon footprint.
Dr. Primit Parikh, President and CEO of Transphorm, once said that gallium nitride will be used in electric vehicles in 2024, first in 2-wheel and 3-wheel electric vehicles, and then in 4-wheel electric vehicles, especially in charging applications of electric vehicles.
In March 2021, Nexperia also reached a cooperation with United Automotive Electronics Corporation (UAES). The two parties will carry out R&D cooperation in projects such as on-board chargers and high-voltage DC-DC converters; in addition, they also cooperated with Shanghai Electric Drive; at the same time, Nexperia cooperated with Ricardo in 2020 to develop a GaN-based EV inverter design.
Israel's VisIC Technologies collaborated with German automotive supplier ZF to develop GaN semiconductors for 400 V transmission system applications; then, in December 2021, VisIC began to jointly develop gallium nitride inverters for 800 V automotive applications with automotive powertrain technology company hofer powertrain; in September 2023, VisIC collaborated with compound semiconductor material supplier IQE to develop high-reliability D-type GaN power products for electric vehicle inverters.
At present, some manufacturers are committed to developing GaN power components for automotive main inverters. However, the automotive application of GaN is still in an early stage. It is expected that by around 2025, it will penetrate into low-power OBC and DC-DC in small batches. As far as 2030, OEMs may consider introducing GaN into inverters.
Achieving automotive grade is still the main challenge
Some semiconductor manufacturers have begun to develop gallium nitride products, but problems have also emerged. If they are to be further popularized, they must think about the problem from the user's perspective.
Gallium nitride is at the intersection of many industry trends, and the main challenge now is how to bring excellent products that can unleash the potential of this technology to the market. First of all, it is understood that Texas Instruments is currently transforming gallium nitride from a research technology to a real product, and is working with industry standardization organizations to develop reliability testing methods for gallium nitride to detect its unique failure mechanisms so that customers can use this technology with confidence.
The ultimate challenge is to provide GaN solutions for each different market and terminal. Compared with other markets, the automotive market has always been unique. It is the strict quality standards of the automotive industry that require the industry to design safer and more reliable integrated self-protection functions, such as temperature monitoring, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, etc.
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