What does 3g mean?

3G is the full English name : 3rd Generation

Definition of 3G :

3G, the full name of which is 3rd Generation, means the third generation of digital communication in Chinese. The first generation of analog mobile phones (1G) introduced in 1995 can only make voice calls; the second generation of digital mobile phones (2G) such as GSM and TDMA introduced from 1996 to 1997 added the function of receiving data, such as receiving emails or web pages; the main difference between the third generation and the previous two generations is the improvement in the speed of transmitting sound and data. It can better achieve seamless roaming around the world, and process various media forms such as images, music, and video streams, and provide a variety of information services including web browsing, teleconferencing, and e-commerce. At the same time, good compatibility with existing second-generation systems must also be considered. In order to provide this service, the wireless network must be able to support different data transmission speeds, that is, it must be able to support at least 2Mbps (megabits per second), 384kbps (kilobits per second), and 144kbps transmission speeds in indoor, outdoor, and driving environments, respectively. (This value will change depending on the network environment). Compared with the first generation of analog mobile phones (1G) and the second generation of digital mobile phones such as GSM and TDMA (2G), 3G communications have many names. The ITU stipulates that it is the "IMT-2000" (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000) standard, and European telecommunications giants call it the "UMTS" universal mobile communications system. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has currently determined four major 3G standards in the world, namely WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WiMAX. At 2:30 p.m. on January 7, 2009, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a small license issuance ceremony internally, and the 3G license was officially issued. China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom obtained TD-SCDMA, CDMA2000 and WCDMA licenses respectively.

3G Standards

3G standards: They are WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WiMAX.
In May 2000, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) determined the four major wireless interface standards of WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WiMAX, and wrote them into the 3G technical guidance document "International Mobile Telecommunications Plan 2000" (abbreviated as IMT-2000). CDMA is the abbreviation of Code Division Multiple Access, which is the technical basis of the third-generation mobile communication system. The first-generation mobile communication system uses the analog modulation method of frequency division multiple access (FDMA). The main disadvantages of this system are low spectrum utilization and signaling interference with voice services. The second-generation mobile communication system mainly uses the digital modulation method of time division multiple access (TDMA), which increases the system capacity and uses independent channels to transmit signaling, which greatly improves the system performance, but the system capacity of TDMA is still limited and the handover performance is still imperfect. The CDMA system has shown great development potential due to its simple frequency planning, large system capacity, high frequency reuse factor, strong anti-multipath capability, good communication quality, soft capacity, and soft switching. The following are some 3G standards:

(1) W-CDMA

Also known as WCDMA, the full name is Wideband CDMA, also known as CDMA Direct Spread, which means wideband code division multiple access. This is a 3G technical specification developed based on the GSM network. It is a broadband CDMA technology proposed by Europe. It is basically the same as the broadband CDMA technology proposed by Japan and is currently being further integrated. The supporters of W-CDMA are mainly European manufacturers that mainly use the GSM system. Japanese companies are also more or less involved, including Ericsson, Alcatel, Nokia, Lucent, Nortel in Europe and the United States, and NTT, Fujitsu, Sharp and other manufacturers in Japan. The standard proposes an evolution strategy of GSM (2G)-GPRS-EDGE-WCDMA (3G). This system can be built on the existing GSM network, which is easier for system providers to transition. It is expected that in Asia, where the GSM system is quite popular, the acceptance of this new technology will be quite high. Therefore, W-CDMA has an inherent market advantage.

(2) CDMA2000

CDMA2000 is a broadband CDMA technology developed from narrowband CDMA (CDMA IS95) technology, also known as CDMA Multi-Carrier. It was proposed by Qualcomm North America, with participation from Motorola, Lucent and later Samsung of South Korea. South Korea is now the leader of this standard. This system is derived from the narrowband CDMAOne digital standard and can be directly upgraded to 3G from the original CDMAOne structure, with low construction costs. However, the only regions using CDMA at present are Japan, South Korea and North America, so CDMA2000 does not have as many supporters as W-CDMA. However, the research and development technology of CDMA2000 is the fastest among all the standards, and many 3G mobile phones have been launched first. This standard proposes an evolution strategy from CDMA IS95 (2G)-CDMA20001x-CDMA20003x (3G). CDMA20001x is called 2.5 generation mobile communication technology. The main difference between CDMA20003x and CDMA20001x is that it uses multi-carrier technology, which increases bandwidth by using three carriers. Currently, China Telecom is using this solution to transition to 3G and has built a CDMA IS95 network.

(3) TD-SCDMA

The full name is Time Division - Synchronous CDMA. This standard is a 3G standard independently developed by mainland China. On June 29, 1999, the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of China Telecommunication Science and Technology Research Institute (Datang Telecom) proposed it to the ITU. This standard integrates the current international leading technologies such as intelligent wireless, synchronous CDMA and software radio, and has unique advantages in spectrum utilization, flexibility in business support, frequency flexibility and cost. In addition, due to the huge market in China, this standard has received attention from major telecommunications equipment manufacturers. More than half of the equipment manufacturers in the world have announced that they can support the TD-SCDMA standard. This standard proposes to transition directly to 3G without going through the intermediate links of 2.5 generations, which is very suitable for upgrading the GSM system to 3G.

(4) WiMAX

WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, also known as 802.16 Wireless Metropolitan Area Network, and is another broadband wireless connection solution that provides the "last mile" for enterprises and home users. After combining this technology with microwave equipment that requires or does not require a license, it will expand the broadband wireless market and improve the recognition of enterprises and service providers due to its low cost. On October 19, 2007, at the International Telecommunication Union's wireless communications plenary meeting in Geneva, after a majority of countries voted, WiMAX was officially approved as the fourth global 3G standard after WCDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA.

3G Parameters

WCDMA

RTT FDD
asynchronous CDMA system: No GPS
Bandwidth: 5MHz
Chip rate: 3.84Mcps
China frequency band: 1940MHz-1955MHz (uplink), 2130MHz -2145MHz (downlink)

TD-SCDMA

RTT TDD
Synchronous CDMA System: Yes GPS
Bandwidth: 1.6MHz
Chip Rate: 1.28Mcps
China Frequency Band: 1880-1920MHz, 2010-2025MHz
2300-2400MHz

CDMA2000

RTT FDD
Synchronous CDMA System: Yes GPS
Bandwidth: 1.23MHz
Chip Rate: 1.2288Mcps
China Frequency Band: 1920MHz -1935MHz (uplink), 2110MHz -2125MHz (downlink)

WiMax

Global Microwave Interconnection Access, another name is 802.16
Bandwidth: 1.5M to 20MHz
Maximum access speed: 70M
Maximum transmission distance: 50 kilometers
Chip rate: unknown
China frequency band: (not available)

3G China Licensing

After the issuance of 3G licenses, a communications industry chain including 3G network construction, terminal equipment manufacturing, operation services, and information services will be formed, which will play an important role in expanding domestic demand and stimulating the economy.
Li Yizhong, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that according to the development plans of telecom operators, it is expected that 3G direct investment will be completed in 2009 and 2010, about 280 billion yuan. Some experts believe that 3G investment can drive nearly 2 trillion yuan of social investment in the past three years, which will help stimulate China's economic growth.
"The investment-driving effect of the issuance of 3G licenses is obviously different from that of national infrastructure. National infrastructure construction such as transportation and energy requires a large amount of government investment, and the issuance of 3G licenses will immediately attract social funds to pour in, because the market has long been looking forward to the issuance of 3G licenses." Chen Jinqiao, deputy chief engineer of the Telecommunications Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said.
Datang Telecom estimates that in the next five years, 3G direct investment will be about 1.5 trillion yuan, and its contribution to GDP will be about 10 trillion yuan.
With the official issuance of 3G licenses, the 3G war between operators will also break out. In the past month, China Mobile first launched a price war, lowered data service charges, and its TD-SCDMA network is being tested in ten cities, and will be expanded to thirty-eight cities in the next step; China Telecom launched a new brand, Tianyi 189, and invested heavily in the market promotion of Internet mobile phones; the relatively low-key China Unicom has the most mature 3G license, WCDMA, and is conducting WCDMA trials in seven cities. The first batch of WCDMA trial networks are also being stepped up for internal testing.
The head of China Mobile said that it will take the promotion of independent innovation and the development of TD-SCDMA as its own responsibility, and go all out to do a good job in the construction and operation of TD-SCDMA, expand network coverage, enrich business types, and provide high-quality and efficient 3G services to the majority of users. The heads of China Telecom and China Unicom both said that they will strictly implement relevant regulatory policies, launch 3G services in a timely manner, and meet customers' growing demand for diversified comprehensive information services.