MCU resource knowledge

Working power supply

Program space (FLASH / ROM): used to store the code program of the microcontroller 1K = 1024 bytes

SRAM: Used to store variables in the microcontroller program code.

EEPROM: It has a power-off saving function, similar to the memory function, to prevent data loss due to power off in product design.

IO: Input and output ports of the microcontroller. External interface resources.

Timer: Has precise timing function. Example: electronic clock -> timer 

Serial port: The serial port is an important standard interface for communication between the microcontroller and external devices.

                        The serial port can also realize the communication between chips. WIFI/Bluetooth/4G are all serial ports.

ADC: This function is integrated in slightly higher-end microcontrollers (the higher the number of bits, the higher the accuracy, 8 bits, 10 bits, etc.)

                        Convert the actual analog voltage into digital representation

                        Application: Battery level

                        The ordinary IO of the microcontroller can only recognize high and low levels, while the IO port with ADC function can recognize the voltage of an analog quantity and convert the power supply into digital to represent different input voltages.

DAC: Outputs an analog voltage through the port.  

                        Ordinary IO ports can only output high and low levels, while DAC can output an analog voltage (an arbitrary voltage between 0-VCC)

SPI: A standard communication interface. Generally used to implement communication between chips. 

IIC: Same as above

Watchdog: Protects the program. It is used to prevent the code program from freezing or abnormal operation. Important

What is a Register?

A register is actually a hardware of the microcontroller, used to store binary data and commands.

The microcontroller executes code based on registers.

We can use programs to read and write register data.

According to different functions, registers can be divided into two categories: basic registers and shift registers. Basic registers can only input data in parallel and can only output data in parallel. The data in the shift register can be shifted right or left bit by bit under the action of the shift pulse. The data can be input and output in parallel, input and output in series, input and output in parallel, or input and output in series and output in parallel. It is very flexible and has a wide range of uses.