What are the main functions of the 51 microcontroller? What is the internal structure of the 8051 microcontroller?

The main functions of 51 single chip microcomputer include:

8-bit CPU 4kbytes program memory (ROM) (52 is 8K)

256 bytes of data memory (RAM) (52 has 384 bytes of RAM)

·32 I/O lines ·111 instructions, most of which are single-byte instructions

21 special registers

· 2 programmable timer/counters · 5 interrupt sources, 2 priority levels (52 has 6)

One full-duplex serial communication port

External data memory addressing space is 64kB

External program memory addressing space is 64kB

·Logic operation bit addressing function ·Dual in-line 40PinDIP package

Single +5V power supply

CPU: It consists of operation and control logic, as well as an interrupt system and some external special function registers;

RAM: used to store data that can be read and written, such as intermediate results of calculations, final results, and data to be displayed;

ROM: used to store programs, some original data and tables;

I/O port: Four 8-bit parallel I/O ports, which can be used as both input and output;

T/C: Two timers/counters, which can work in both timing mode and counting mode;

Interrupt control system with five interrupt sources;

A full-duplex UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) serial I/O port for serial communication between MCUs or between MCU and microcomputer;

The oscillator and clock generation circuit are built in, and the quartz crystal and fine-tuning capacitor need to be connected externally. The maximum oscillation frequency is 12M.