Electric vehicle BMS: advanced applications of monitors, balancers and protectors

As a core component of electric vehicles, the performance of the battery management system (BMS) directly affects the safety, life and efficiency of the battery.

The previous articles introduced constant voltage and constant current, shunts and monitors. This article will focus on the three key components of BMS: monitors, balancers and protectors, their roles in advanced battery management and their technical details.

The monitor is the data acquisition center of the BMS, which is responsible for collecting voltage, current and temperature data of battery cells. These data are crucial for understanding the battery status and making real-time decisions.

Advanced monitors use sophisticated algorithms to predict the battery’s health and available capacity to optimize charging strategies and improve overall system efficiency.

The role of the balancer is to ensure that the energy levels of all cells in the battery pack remain consistent. It adjusts the energy distribution between cells through active or passive balancing technology.

Active balancing technology improves energy utilization efficiency through energy transfer, while passive balancing maintains balance by consuming excess energy.

In large-capacity battery packs, an effective balancing strategy is critical to maintaining the overall performance and extending the life of the battery pack.

As a safety guarantee in BMS, the protector controls the charging and discharging of the battery pack through an electronic switch. It can quickly disconnect when the battery status is abnormal to prevent overcharging, overdischarging, overheating and short circuit.

In large battery applications, the design and configuration of the protector needs to take into account the size of the battery pack and the application environment to ensure maximum safety and reliability.

In summary, monitors, balancers, and protectors play their own unique and critical roles in BMS. Only through their coordinated work can the best performance and longest life of electric vehicle batteries be ensured.

For electric vehicle manufacturers and maintainers, a deep understanding of the advanced applications of these components is key to improving electric vehicle performance.