OSE Classroom丨Brief Introduction to NB-IoT Technology
With the continuous development of 4G and 5G communication technologies, data interconnection between people has become more and more convenient and fast. Whether it is text, pictures or videos, they can be transmitted quickly and instantly. For the Internet of Things, where everything is connected , does the transmission of information also share the 4G and 5G networks with us?
The answer is no
. Both 4G and 5G are wireless communication technologies that serve people, but for the Internet of Things that connect things to things, they need a new type of network with low speed but wide coverage:
LPWA (Low Power Wide Area Network)
, and NB-IoT is an emerging Internet of Things technology that meets this requirement.
What is NB-IoT?
NB-IoT is the abbreviation of Narrow Band Internet of Things , which refers to the Internet of Things built on the cellular network and consuming only about 180 kHz of bandwidth. It can be directly deployed on GSM networks, UMTS networks or LTE networks to reduce deployment costs and achieve smooth upgrades, becoming an important branch of the Internet of Everything.
The Prospects and Advantages of NB-IoT
Mobile communications are moving from connecting people to people to connecting people to things and things to things. In the future, Internet of Things applications such as connected vehicles, smart healthcare, and smart homes will generate massive connections , far exceeding the communication needs between people.
NB-IoT focuses on the LPWA IoT market and has the characteristics of wide coverage, large capacity, low power consumption and low cost . It supports efficient connection of devices with long standby time and high requirements for network connection.
NB-IoT technology has four major characteristics:
Wide coverage: In the same frequency band, NB-IoT has a gain of 20dB over the existing network and a coverage area 100 times larger;
Large capacity: One NB-IoT sector can support 100,000 connections, low latency sensitivity, ultra-low device cost, low device power consumption and optimized network architecture;
Low power consumption: The standby time of NB-IoT terminal module can be up to 10 years;
Low cost: Enterprises can expect a single connection module to cost no more than $5.
Demand and development of NB-IoT
With the advent of the big data era, wireless communication will connect everything, which is a huge opportunity for the entire mobile communication industry . People predict that the number of global IoT connections will reach hundreds of billions in the future . However, the basis for achieving all this is to have ubiquitous network connections.
Operator networks are the most widely covered networks in the world. However, the reality is that only 10% of the connections between things are actually carried on mobile networks. Most of the connections between things are carried by technologies such as Bluetooth and WiFi.
In order to meet the needs of different IoT services, 3GPP has carried out technical research on enhancing the functions of mobile communication networks based on narrowband service application scenarios to adapt to the booming IoT business needs. After several name changes and technical evolutions, in September 2015, 3GPP officially named this technology NB-IoT .
With the development of NB-IoT technology, the Internet of Things continues to penetrate and integrate into traditional industries, and brings some emerging applications, and it will appear in more fields. For example, the NB-IoT-based smart monitoring bracelet can monitor a person's physical condition, movement trajectory, etc., effectively realize the monitoring of quarantined personnel during the epidemic, and greatly reduce the difficulty and cost of management.
In the 5G era, the integration of NB-IoT and new technologies will empower other traditional industries and may lead to a new round of disruptive innovation and application revolution in the fields of industrial Internet, Internet of Vehicles, unmanned systems , etc.
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