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[Answer the question to win a prize] Efficient power management solution: Application exploration of the MAX42403 evaluation kit

Latest update time:2024-10-29
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With the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing demand for high-efficiency electronic devices, power supply design plays an increasingly important role in modern electronic design. Modern electronic devices require the power supply to not only provide stable voltage and current, but also perform well in energy efficiency, thermal management, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Efficient power supply design can significantly improve system performance and reliability, reduce energy consumption, reduce heat, and extend the service life of equipment, while meeting increasingly stringent environmental protection and energy-saving requirements. An excellent power supply design solution requires not only careful design by hardware engineers, but also reliable hardware support.



The importance of power chips


Power chips are one of the core components of modern electronic devices, responsible for converting input power into the stable voltage and current required by the device. Traditional power management systems usually require a complex set of conversion modules, regulators, and filters to handle fluctuations in input voltage and provide reliable power support for various electronic components. These systems often require costly and cumbersome manual configuration, including complex circuit design and fine tuning to ensure stable operation of the equipment under various working conditions. By integrating multiple power management functions, power chips not only simplify the design, but also significantly improve energy efficiency and reliability, making them an indispensable key component in various electronic devices.


The small switching step-down voltage regulator chip MAX42403 launched by ADI not only greatly reduces the size of the power chip, but also supports wide voltage output and large current output, and reduces switching noise, making it convenient for hardware engineers to design power solutions.

Figure 1: MAX42403 chip



Market Application


The demand for sensors in various applications is growing, and small and efficient power conversion chips have important application prospects in this field. For example, in the field of industrial automation, due to power fluctuations and noise issues, sensors require reliable power supply. MAX42403 can provide constant voltage and low ripple power supply for sensors, ensuring that sensors can still work accurately in harsh environments.

Figure 2: Industrial sensor

Another example is the small IoT monitoring devices widely used in environmental monitoring, smart agriculture and smart cities. These IoT devices are usually distributed over a wide area and powered by batteries. Because they need to work stably for a long time, the batteries cannot be replaced frequently due to maintenance costs and time considerations. For example, the smart smoke alarms in residents' homes need to be replaced door to door, which takes a long time and naturally increases the cost. The MAX42403 is small in size and can be easily inserted into smoke alarms or other devices with higher volume requirements. The most important thing is that the MAX42403 can turn on the Skip mode under low load conditions, which can help achieve higher energy conversion efficiency, convert the battery voltage into the voltage required by other electronic components, maximize battery life, and enable IoT devices to work stably for a longer period of time.


Recently, a senior engineer of China Power Grid borrowed the ADI MAX42403 evaluation kit from WT WT Microelectronics, a world-leading authorized distributor of electronic components, and conducted a personal test experience. WT WT Microelectronics acquired ADI's long-established distributor, Shijian. Its large professional team and Shijian's deep technical experience in ADI's product line are believed to bring better support and services to customers. Next, let's verify the performance and advantages of MAX42403 in actual applications.



Understanding the ADI MAX42403


The MAX42403 chip is compact and uses a 3mmX3mm FC2QFN package. It supports a wide input voltage range of 4.5V-36V, a maximum switching frequency of 1.5Mhz, a programmable output voltage range of 0.8V-12V, and can provide up to 3.5A of current. It can switch between forced PWM and skip working modes, has over-temperature, over-voltage and short-circuit protection, and can operate in low-dropout mode at a 99% duty cycle, making it very suitable for industrial applications.
Figure 3: MAX42402/MAX42403 simplified block diagram
The MAX42403 chip will be tested on the ADI evaluation kit MAX42403EVKIT.
Figure 4: MAX42403EVKIT
The evaluation kit can be used to evaluate all models of MAX42402/MX42403 with only a few component changes. There are 4 jumper positions on the evaluation kit to facilitate testers to switch functions. The jumper functions are shown in the following table:
When Skip mode is enabled, the MAX42403 operates in Skip mode at light loads, which is more efficient at light loads, and in PWM mode at heavier loads. When forced PWM mode is enabled, the device operates in PWM mode under all load conditions. The EV kit brings out the SYNC pin, which can be connected to an external clock to achieve forced frequency operation. The EV kit provides a power output monitoring point, PGOOD, which can be enabled by a jumper. PGOOD is high impedance when the output voltage is regulated, and low impedance when the output voltage is less than 7% or more than 4% of its nominal regulated voltage. When the spread spectrum function is enabled, there is ±6% frequency modulation, and the modulation signal is a triangle wave, which can effectively reduce EMI. If the SYNC pin is connected to an external clock to synchronize with the external clock, the spread spectrum function will be disabled.



Test plan


This test uses the MAX42403EVKIT evaluation board, 1.5Mhz fixed frequency, forced PWM mode, and 3.3V output conditions. The output conditions under 5V, 12V, and 24V voltage inputs, 0A, 0.5A, 1A, 2A, and 3A are tested. The actual input current and output voltage are recorded, and the actual input and output power and actual conversion efficiency are calculated. The test equipment and connection settings are shown in the figure below:

Figure 5: Test connection diagram

Due to the limitations of test equipment and test methods, the test results are inevitably different from the actual ones, so the test results do not represent the actual limit performance of the chip and are for reference only. The test data is shown in the following table:

From the test results, under normal use, the conversion efficiency of the MAX42403 in forced PWM mode is relatively ideal and meets the description in the data sheet, as shown in Figure 6:
Figure 6: MAX42403 conversion efficiency
Under low load conditions, the efficiency of MAX42403 running in Skip mode is much higher than that in forced PWM mode. We also tested this point. We tested the output under three load conditions of 0.05A, 0.1A and 0.3A with 12V input in Skip mode and forced PWM mode, as shown in the following test comparison table:

Test results show that under low load conditions (below 1A), the conversion efficiency of Skip mode is much higher than that of forced PWM mode, which is very beneficial for energy saving and performance improvement. For mobile devices that rely on battery power, it can significantly extend battery life. Secondly, in devices that need to run for a long time but have low power consumption, such as sensors, this mode can greatly reduce energy consumption and extend the working time of the device. In addition, for products that need to maintain low temperature or require compact design, using this high-efficiency mode can also reduce heat and volume.


Corresponding tests have also been conducted on the ripple performance of the MAX42403EVKIT evaluation board. It should be noted that the ripple cap should be used for the grounding of the oscilloscope probe, as shown in Figure 7, to ensure the shortest measurement path, reduce the loop area, and reduce the introduced noise. The oscilloscope should limit the bandwidth to 20MHz to prevent the high-frequency noise of the oscilloscope from affecting the ripple measurement; the coupling mode is set to AC coupling for more convenient measurement.

Figure 7: Ripple cap

Set the input voltage to 5V, the evaluation board is unloaded, and runs in FPWM mode. Use an oscilloscope probe to measure the evaluation board's Vout and GND3 points. Due to the limitations of the measurement equipment, only basic measurements can be performed, and the test results are for reference only.

Figure 8: Ripple test waveform



Summarize


In summary, ADI's MAX42403 small switch buck regulator chip carries ADI's innovative technology and expertise, and its unique design and functions provide efficient and reliable power management solutions for electronic devices. This product not only provides a practical solution for current market needs, but also lays a solid foundation for future technological innovation and injects new impetus into the development of the market.


The test data of the evaluation kit MAX42403EVKIT demonstrates its excellent performance in practical applications, especially its reliability verification of voltage stability and conversion efficiency. This detailed performance verification enables hardware engineers to accurately evaluate and optimize power management systems to meet the increasingly high performance and stability requirements of modern electronic devices.





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