Ion implantation is another method of doping semiconductors. Impurities are ionized into ions and focused into ion beams. After being accelerated in an electric field to obtain extremely high kinetic energy, they are implanted into silicon (called a \"target\") to achieve doping. An ion beam is a beam of charged atoms or charged molecules that can be deflected by an electric field or a magnetic field and can be accelerated under high pressure to obtain very high kinetic energy. Uses of ion beams Doping, exposure, etching, coating, annealing, purification, modification, drilling, cutting, etc. Different uses require different ion energies E: E < 10 KeV, etching, coating E = 10 ~ 50 KeV, exposure E > 50 KeV, implantation doping Ion beam processing methods can be divided into 1. Mask method (projection method) 2. Focus method (scanning method, or focused ion beam (FIB) method) The mask method is to uniformly implant the entire silicon wafer in a blanket manner, and at the same time, a masking film is used to dope the selective area like a diffusion process. The masking film of the diffusion process must be SiO2 film, while the masking film of ion implantation can be SiO2 film or other films such as photoresist. The advantages of the masking method for doping and etching are high production efficiency, relatively simple equipment, and easy control, so it was applied earlier and the process is more mature. The disadvantage is that a masking film needs to be made.
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