PLL2 CD4046 Phase-Locked Loop Application Introduction The meaning of phase locking is the automatic control of phase synchronization. The automatic control closed-loop system that can complete the phase synchronization of two electrical signals is called a phase-locked loop, or PLL for short. It is widely used in technical fields such as broadcast communication, frequency synthesis, automatic control, and clock synchronization. The phase-locked loop mainly consists of a phase comparator (PC), a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and a low-pass filter, as shown in Figure 1. The output Uo of the voltage-controlled oscillator is connected to one input end of the phase comparator, and the level of its output frequency is determined by the average voltage Ud established on the low-pass filter. The external input signal Ui applied to the other input end of the phase comparator is compared with the output signal Uo from the voltage-controlled oscillator. The error output voltage UΨ generated by the comparison result is proportional to the phase difference between the two signals Ui and Uo. After filtering out the high-frequency component through the low-pass filter, an average voltage Ud is obtained. This average voltage Ud changes in the direction of reducing the difference between the VCO output frequency and the input frequency until the VCO output frequency and the input signal frequency are consistent. At this time, the frequencies of the two signals are the same, and the phase difference between the two remains constant (i.e., synchronization), which is called phase lock. When the phase-locked loop is locked, it also has the ability to \"capture\" the signal. The VCO can automatically track the changes of the input signal within a certain range. If the input signal frequency changes within the capture range of the phase-locked loop, the phase-locked loop can capture the input signal frequency and force the VCO to lock on this frequency. The application of the phase-locked loop is very flexible. If the input signal frequency f1 is not equal to the VCO output signal frequency f2, and the two are required to maintain a certain relationship, such as a proportional relationship or a difference relationship, an operator can be added externally to meet the needs of different tasks. In the past, phase-locked loops were mostly composed of discrete components and analog circuits. Now, integrated circuit phase-locked loops are often used. CD40 46 is a general-purpose CMOS phase-locked loop integrated circuit, which is characterized by a wide power supply voltage range (3V-18V), high input impedance (about 100MΩ), low dynamic power consumption, and only 600μW at a center frequency f0 of 10kHz, which is a micro-power device. ……
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