The Doppler speed meter is an instrument that accurately measures speed and calculates distance based on the principle of the Doppler effect of sound waves in water. It is one of the important components of marine navigation equipment. Aiming at the core problem of the Doppler speed meter - frequency estimation, this paper proposes a Doppler frequency measurement scheme based on FPGA, which has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability and fast calculation speed. This paper mainly revolves around the design and implementation of the system\'s frequency measurement scheme. The main research work of this paper includes: designing and debugging the hardware circuit of the Doppler frequency measurement system based on FPGA; through the study of the frequency measurement algorithm, using VHDL language to design and implement the system\'s frequency measurement algorithm and other interface control programs, and testing the correctness of the design through software simulation. The hardware circuit design of the frequency measurement system is one of the main parts of this paper\'s work, and it is also the core part of the Doppler frequency measurement system based on FPGA. The whole system uses FPGA as the main processor to complete all digital signal processing and peripheral interface control in the system. At the same time, based on the rich on-chip programmable logic resources and external I/O resources of FPGA, the system also expands rich communication interfaces (UART, USB and Ethernet interfaces) and display circuits (LCD and LED), making it easy for the system to exchange data and control with the PC. The software implementation of the system is another important part of this paper. Through the study of the frequency measurement algorithm, this paper has completed the zero-crossing detection method and FFT algorithm based on VHDL, and also realized the automatic gain control of the receiver signal, signal acquisition and communication with the computer.
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